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arXiv:2512.23338

Quantum Dilogarithms and New Integrable Lattice Models in Three Dimensions

Vladimir V. Bazhanov, Rinat Kashaev, Vladimir V. Mangazeev, Sergey M. Sergeev

Published Dec 29, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this paper we introduce a new class of integrable 3D lattice models, possessing continuous families of commuting layer-to-layer transfer matrices. Algebraically, this commutativity is based on a very special construction of local Boltzmann weights in terms of quantum dilogarithms satisfying the inversion and pentagon identities. We give three examples of such quantum dilogarithms, leading to integrable 3D lattice models. The partition function per site in these models can be exactly calculated in the limit of an infinite lattice by using the functional relations, symmetry and factorization properties of the transfer matrix. The results of such calculations for 3D models associated with the Faddeev modular quantum dilogarithm are briefly presented.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2512.23338

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In this paper we introduce a new class of integrable 3D lattice models, possessing continuous families of commuting layer-to-layer transfer matrices. Algebraically, this commutativity is based on a very special construction of local Boltzmann weights in terms of quantum dilogarithms satisfying the inversion and pentagon identities. We give three examples of such quantum dilogarithms, leading to integrable 3D lattice models. The partition function per site in these models can be exactly calculated in the limit of an infinite lattice by using the functional relations, symmetry and factorization properties of the transfer matrix. The results of such calculations for 3D models associated with the Faddeev modular quantum dilogarithm are briefly presented.
In this paper we present a new series of three-dimensional integrable lattice models with N colors. The case N=2 generalizes the elliptic model of Ref. 8. The weight functions of the models satisfy modified tetrahedron equations with N states and give a commuting family of two-layer transfer matrices. The dependence on the spectral parameters corresponds to the static limit of the modified tetrahedron equations, and weights are parametrized in terms of elliptic functions. The models contain two free parameters: elliptic modulus and additional parameter η. Also, we briefly discuss symmetry properties of weight functions of the models.
In this paper we present a new series of three-dimensional integrable lattice models with N colors. The case N=2 generalizes the elliptic model of Ref. 8. The weight functions of the models satisfy modified tetrahedron equations with N states and give a commuting family of two-layer transfer matrices. The dependence on the spectral parameters corresponds to the static limit of the modified tetrahedron equations, and weights are parametrized in terms of elliptic functions. The models contain two free parameters: elliptic modulus and additional parameter η. Also, we briefly discuss symmetry properties of weight functions of the models.
We study the integrability of the quantized six-vertex model with four parameters on a torus. It is a three-dimensional integrable lattice model in which a layer transfer matrix, depending on two spectral parameters associated with the homology cycles of the torus, can be defined not only on the square lattice but also on more general graphs. For a class of graphs that we call admissible, we establish the commutativity of the layer transfer matrices by introducing four types of tetrahedron equations and two types of inversion relations. Expanding in the spectral parameters yields a family of commuting quantum Hamiltonians. The quantized six-vertex model can also be reformulated in terms of (quantized) dimer models, and encompasses known integrable systems as special cases, including the free parafermion model and the relativistic Toda chain.
An overview of the mathematical structure of the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model is given, from the viewpoints of topologic, algebraic and geometric aspects. By analyzing the relations among transfer matrices of the 3D Ising model, Reidemeister moves in the knot theory, Yang-Baxter and tetrahedron equations, the following facts are illustrated for the 3D Ising model: 1) The complexified quaternion basis constructed for the 3D Ising model represents naturally the rotation in a (3 + 1) - dimensional space-time, as a relativistic quantum statistical mechanics model, which is consistent with the 4-fold integrand of the partition function by taking the time average. 2) A unitary transformation with a matrix being a spin representation in 2^(nlo)-space corresponds to a rotation in 2nlo-space, which serves to smooth all the crossings in the transfer matrices and contributes as the non-trivial topologic part of the partition function of the 3D Ising model. 3) A tetrahedron relation would ensure the commutativity of the transfer matrices and the integrability of the 3D Ising model, and its existence is guaranteed also by the Jordan algebra and the Jordan-von Neumann-Wigner procedures. 4) The unitary transformation for smoothing the crossings in the transfer matrices changes the wave functions by complex phases Φx, Φy, and Φz. The relation with quantum field and gauge theories, physical significance of weight factors are discussed in details. The conjectured exact solution is compared with numerical results, and singularities at/near infinite temperature are inspected. The analyticity in β = 1/(kB T) of both the hard-core and Ising models has been proved for β > 0, not for β = 0. Thus the high-temperature series cannot serve as a standard for judging a putative exact solution of the 3D Ising model.
The goal of this thesis is to present some novel results for solvable lattice models. In chapter 2 a limit is taken of the master solution that gives an integrable model generalising the Faddeev-Volkov model, first described by Spiridonov. There are properties of this model that arise quite similarly to that of the Faddeev-Volkov model, that are given in this chapter. This includes an integrable "dual spin'' lattice model, with Boltzmann weights parameterised by gamma functions, that appears in the strong coupling regime, and the quasi-classical limit of the model and its relation to the discrete hyperbolic geometry. In chapter 3 hyperbolic and rational degenerations of the master solution are taken that give various solutions of the star-triangle relation. These limits can be viewed as unphysical lattice models in the sense that their Boltzmann weights are not always positive. The aim of this chapter is to show that most of the discrete equations in the Adler, Bobenko, and Suris (ABS) list arise in a quasi-classical expansion of these models. This extends previously known limits of the master solution and Faddeev-Volkov model to the rest of the ABS list, including asymmetric H equations recently classified by Boll and Suris. In chapter 4 a star-star relation conjectured by Bazhanov and Sergeev is proven by relating it to a multivariate elliptic hypergeometric integral identity of Rains. Also the hyperbolic degeneration of the star-star relation is shown to give a new multi-spin model parameterised by the non-compact quantum dilogarithm. A quasi-classical expansion of this model gives a multi-spin generalisation of the Q3 discrete Laplace type integrable system. The corner transfer matrix algorithm was successfully used by Mangazeev et al. to study the two dimensional Ising model around the critical point. Chapter 5 describes a modification of their algorithm to work with the chiral models whose Boltzmann weights don't possess the spin reflection symmetry property. Convergence is tested against the exact values of observables in the integrable Kashiwara-Miwa and chiral Potts models. The convergence decreases approaching the critical point as expected, while away from criticality the convergence is limited by the precision of the software.