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arXiv:2512.19561

A Spin-Photon Interface in the Telecom C-Band with Long Hole Spin Dephasing Time

Johannes M. Michl, Reza Hekmati, Mohamed Helal, Giora Peniakov, Yorick Reum, Jochen Kaupp, Quirin Buchinger, Jaewon Kim, Andreas T. Pfenning, Yong-Hoon Cho, Sven Höfling, Tobias Huber-Loyola

quant-phSubmitted Dec 22, 2025• Announced Dec 23, 2025
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Abstract

Matter qubits that maintain coherence over extended timescales are essential for many pursued applications in quantum communication and quantum computing. Significant progress has already been made on extending coherence times of spins in semiconductor quantum dots while interfacing them with photons in the near-infrared wavelength range. However, similar results for quantum dots emitting at the telecom range, crucial for many applications, have so far lagged behind. Here, we report on InAs/InAlGaAs quantum dots integrated in a deterministically placed circular Bragg grating emitting at $1.55\,μ\mathrm{m}$. We quantify the g-factors of electrons and holes from polarization-resolved measurements of a positive trion in an in-plane magnetic field and study the dynamics of the ground-state hole spin qubit. We then herald the hole spin in a pulsed two-photon correlation measurement and determine its inhomogeneous dephasing time to $T_{2}^{*}=(15.9 \pm 1.7)$ ns.

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•Jan 1, 2026•0 citations
Matter qubits that maintain coherence over extended timescales are essential for many pursued applications in quantum communication and quantum computing. Significant progress has already been made on extending coherence times of spins in semiconductor quantum dots while interfacing them with photons in the near-infrared wavelength range. However, similar results for quantum dots emitting at the telecom range, crucial for many applications, have so far lagged behind. Here, we report on InAs/InAlGaAs quantum dots integrated in a deterministically placed circular Bragg grating emitting at 1.55 μm1.55\,μ\mathrm{m}1.55μm. We quantify the g-factors of electrons and holes from polarization-resolved measurements of a positive trion in an in-plane magnetic field and study the dynamics of the ground-state hole spin qubit. We then herald the hole spin in a pulsed two-photon correlation measurement and determine its inhomogeneous dephasing time to T2∗=(15.9±1.7)T_{2}^{*}=(15.9 \pm 1.7)T2∗​=(15.9±1.7) ns.
A central challenge for scalable quantum networks is the realization of coherent interfaces between stationary qubits and telecom-band photonic qubits for long-distance entanglement distribution. Semiconductor quantum dots emitting at telecom wavelengths present a promising spin-photon platform, and a precise understanding of the properties of the confined spin is crucial for optimizing its interplay with the photonic qubit. Here, we simultaneously benchmark the electron and hole g-factors and coherence properties of a droplet epitaxy QD, solely from time and polarization resolved photon correlations. These measurements identify the hole as the preferable qubit for spin-photon entanglement in quantum network nodes. We then perform full state tomography of the confined hole ground state to reveal subtle anisotropies in the spin precession, providing essential diagnostics for minimizing phase errors critical for deterministic multiphoton entanglement generation.
A central challenge for scalable quantum networks is the realization of coherent interfaces between stationary qubits and telecom-band photonic qubits for long-distance entanglement distribution. Semiconductor quantum dots emitting at telecom wavelengths present a promising spin–photon platform, and a precise understanding of the properties of the confined spin is crucial for optimizing its interplay with the photonic qubit. Here, we simultaneously benchmark the electron and hole g -factors and coherence properties of a droplet epitaxy quantum dot, solely from time- and polarization-resolved photon correlations. These measurements identify the hole as the preferable qubit for spin–photon entanglement in quantum network nodes. We then perform full state tomography of the confined hole ground state to reveal subtle anisotropies in the spin precession, providing essential diagnostics for minimizing phase errors critical for deterministic multiphoton entanglement generation.
A practical way to link separate nodes in quantum networks is to send photons over the standard telecom fibre network. This requires sub-Poissonian photon sources in the telecom wavelength band around 1550 nm, where the photon coherence time has to be sufficient to enable the many interference-based technologies at the heart of quantum networks. Here, we show that droplet epitaxy InAs/InP quantum dots emitting in the telecom C-band can provide photons with coherence times exceeding 1 ns even under non-resonant excitation, more than a factor two longer than values reported for shorter wavelength quantum dots under similar conditions. We demonstrate that these coherence times enable near-optimal interference with a C-band laser qubit, with visibilities only limited by the quantum dot multiphoton emission. Using entangled photons, we further show teleportation of such qubits in six different bases with average fidelity reaching 88.3$\pm$4%. Beyond direct applications in long-distance quantum communication, the high degree of coherence in these quantum dots is promising for future spin based telecom quantum network applications.
We investigate the spin properties of charge carriers in vertically coupled InAs/InAlGaAs quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy, emitting at telecom C-band wavelengths, with a silicon δ -doped layer. Using time-resolved pump-probe Faraday ellipticity measurements, we systematically study single-, two-, and four-layer quantum dot (QD) configurations to quantify how vertical coupling affects key spin-coherence parameters. Our measurements reveal distinct layer-dependent effects: (i) Adding a second QD layer flips the resident charge from electrons to holes, consistent with optically induced electron tunneling into lower-energy dots and resultant hole charging. (ii) Starting from the four-layer sample, the pump-probe signal develops an additional nonoscillating, decaying component absent in single- and two-layer samples, attributed to multiple layer growth changing the strain environment, which reduces heavy-hole and light-hole mixing. (iii) With four layers or more, hole spin mode locking (SML) can be observed, enabling quantitative extraction of the hole coherence time T 2 ≈ 13 ns from SML amplitude saturation. We also extract longitudinal spin relaxation ( T 1 ) and transverse ( T 2 * ) spin dephasing times, g-factors, and inhomogeneous dephasing parameters for both electrons and holes across all layer configurations. The hole spin dephasing times T 2 * remain relatively constant (2.3–2.7 ns) across layer counts, while longitudinal relaxation times T 1 decrease with increasing layers (from 0.9 µ s for single-layer to 0.32 µ s for four-layer samples). These findings provide potential design guidelines for engineering spin coherence in telecom-band QDs for quantum information applications.
Quantum dots are promising candidates for deterministic single-photon sources, yet achieving high photon indistinguishability at telecom wavelengths remains a critical challenge. Here, we report a quantum dot-based single-photon source operating in the telecommunications C-band that achieves a raw two-photon interference visibility of up to (91.7+-0.2)%, thus setting a new benchmark for indistinguishability in this spectral range. The device consists of an indium arsenide (InAs) quantum dot embedded within indium aluminum gallium arsenide (InAlGaAs) and integrated into a circular Bragg grating resonator. We explore multiple optical excitation schemes to optimize coherence and source performance. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of two-photon interference visibility exceeding 90% from a quantum-dot emitter in the telecommunications C-band, advancing the viability of solid-state sources for quantum communication and photonic networks.
Quantum dots are promising candidates for deterministic single-photon sources, yet achieving high photon indistinguishability at telecom wavelengths remains a critical challenge. Here, we report a quantum dot-based single-photon source operating in the telecommunications C-band that achieves a raw two-photon interference visibility of up to (91.7 ± 0.2)%, thus setting a new benchmark for indistinguishability in this spectral range. The device consists of an indium arsenide (InAs) quantum dot embedded within indium aluminum gallium arsenide (InAlGaAs) and integrated into a circular Bragg grating resonator. We explore multiple optical excitation schemes to optimize coherence and source performance. The demonstration of two-photon interference visibilities exceeding 90% from a quantum-dot emitter in the telecommunications C-band pushes solid-state single-photon sources further towards practical quantum communication and quantum networks.