arXiv:2505.09695

Deterministic and highly indistinguishable single photons in the telecom C-band

Hauser, Nico, Matthias J. Bayerbach, Jochen Kaupp, Yorick Reum, Giora Peniakov, Johannes Michl, Martin Kamp, Tobias Huber, Andreas Theo Pfenning, Sven Höfling, Stefanie Barz

Published May 14, 2025• 0 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2505.09695

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arXiv:2505.09695

Deterministic and highly indistinguishable single photons in the telecom C-band

Hauser, Nico, Matthias J. Bayerbach, Jochen Kaupp, Yorick Reum, Giora Peniakov, Johannes Michl, Martin Kamp, Tobias Huber, Andreas Theo Pfenning, Sven Höfling, Stefanie Barz

Published May 14, 2025• 0 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2505.09695

Related papers

Deterministic and highly indistinguishable single photons in the telecom C-band

Hauser, Nico, Matthias J. Bayerbach, Jochen Kaupp +8 more

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Long-distance quantum communication relies on the ability to efficiently generate and prepare single photons at telecom wavelengths. In many applications these photons must also be indistinguishable such that they exhibit interference on a beamsplitter, which implements effective photon-photon interactions. However, deterministic generation of indistinguishable single photons with high brightness remains a challenging problem. We demonstrate two-photon interference at telecom wavelengths using an InAs/InP quantum dot in a nanophotonic cavity. The cavity enhances the quantum dot emission, resulting in a nearly Gaussian transverse mode profile with high out-coupling efficiency exceeding 36% after multi-photon correction. We also observe Purcell enhanced spontaneous emission rate up to 4. Using this source, we generate linearly polarized, high purity single photons at 1.3 micron wavelength and demonstrate the indistinguishable nature of the emission using a two-photon interference measurement, which exhibits indistinguishable visibilities of 18% without post-selection and 67% with post-selection. Our results provide a promising approach to generate bright, deterministic single photons at telecom wavelength for applications in quantum networking and quantum communication.Long-distance quantum communication relies on the ability to efficiently generate and prepare single photons at telecom wavelengths. In many applications these photons must also be indistinguishable such that they exhibit interference on a beamsplitter, which implements effective photon-photon interactions. However, deterministic generation of indistinguishable single photons with high brightness remains a challenging problem. We demonstrate two-photon interference at telecom wavelengths using an InAs/InP quantum dot in a nanophotonic cavity. The cavity enhances the quantum dot emission, resulting in a nearly Gaussian transverse mode profile with high out-coupling efficiency exceeding 36% after multi-photon correction. We also observe Purcell enhanced spontaneous emission rate up to 4. Using this source, we generate linearly polarized, high purity single photons at 1.3 micron wavelength and demonstrate the indistinguishable nature of the emission using a two-photon interference measurement, which exhibits indistinguishable visibilities of 18% without post-selection and 67% with post-selection. Our results provide a promising approach to generate bright, deterministic single photons at telecom wavelength for applications in quantum networking and quantum communication.

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Robert Behrends, Martin v. Helversen, Pratim K. Saha +10 more

In this work we present a cavity-enhanced InAs/ $\mathrm{In_{0.53}Al_{0.23}Ga_{0.24}As}$ quantum dot (QD) single-photon source in the telecom C-band with a record-low biexciton emitter decay time of \SI{67.4(2)}{ps} under resonant two-photon excitation (TPE). We observe strong multiphoton suppression associated with $g^{(2)}_\mathrm{X}(0) = 0.006(1)$ and $g^{(2)}_\mathrm{XX}(0) = 0.007(1)$ for the exciton (X) and biexciton (XX) emission, respectively. Due to a asymmetric Purcell enhancement of the XX-X cascade, the two-photon interference (TPI) visibility of XX photons under $π$ -pulse excitation of $V_{\rm{TPI}} = 90(3)\%$ reaches the theoretical limit and clearly exceeds the $\sim60\%$ expected for standard XX-X cascades without photonic engineering. Furthermore, adding a second timed laser pulse coinciding with XX emission energy, we demonstrate stimulated TPE in the telecom C-Band. The result is an improved TPI visibility of the X photons of $V_{\rm{TPI}}=0.69(3)$ compared to TPE with $V_{\rm{TPI}}=0.61(4)$ , with both being reduced compared to the theoretical values due to present dephasing effects. The advances presented in this work hold important promises for the implementation of advanced schemes of quantum communication using deterministic quantum light sources.In this work we present a cavity-enhanced InAs/$\mathrm{In_{0.53}Al_{0.23}Ga_{0.24}As}$ quantum dot (QD) single-photon source in the telecom C-band with a record-low biexciton emitter decay time of \SI{67.4(2)}{ps} under resonant two-photon excitation (TPE). We observe strong multiphoton suppression associated with $g^{(2)}_\mathrm{X}(0) = 0.006(1)$ and $g^{(2)}_\mathrm{XX}(0) = 0.007(1)$ for the exciton (X) and biexciton (XX) emission, respectively. Due to a asymmetric Purcell enhancement of the XX-X cascade, the two-photon interference (TPI) visibility of XX photons under $π$-pulse excitation of $V_{\rm{TPI}} = 90(3)\%$ reaches the theoretical limit and clearly exceeds the $\sim60\%$ expected for standard XX-X cascades without photonic engineering. Furthermore, adding a second timed laser pulse coinciding with XX emission energy, we demonstrate stimulated TPE in the telecom C-Band. The result is an improved TPI visibility of the X photons of $V_{\rm{TPI}}=0.69(3)$ compared to TPE with $V_{\rm{TPI}}=0.61(4)$, with both being reduced compared to the theoretical values due to present dephasing effects. The advances presented in this work hold important promises for the implementation of advanced schemes of quantum communication using deterministic quantum light sources.

cond-mat.mes-hallCross-listedarXiv:2602.06140Feb 9, 20262 citations

Two‐Photon Interference from an InAs Quantum Dot Emitting in the Telecom C‐Band

Jaewon Kim, Jochen Kaupp, Yorick Reum +9 more

Abstract Two‐photon interference from an InAs/InAlGaAs quantum dot (QD) emitting in the telecom C‐band with a raw two‐photon interference visibility of % is demonstrated. This is achieved by a two‐fold approach: an improvement of the molecular beam epitaxial growth for better QDs, and integration of the QDs into an optical circular Bragg grating resonator for a Purcell enhancement of the radiative decay rate. The quantum optical properties of the fabricated device are studied by means of time‐correlated single‐photon counting under quasi‐resonant excitation of the charged exciton line. A reduced lifetime of ps is found corresponding to a Purcell factor of F p ≧ . Pronounced anti‐bunching of the second‐order autocorrelation function at zero time delay confirms the single‐photon emission character. The two‐photon interference is demonstrated with an unbalanced Mach‐Zehnder interferometer in the Hong‐Ou‐Mandel configuration. Strategies are discussed on how to further improve the indistinguishability, and provide a survey of the state‐of‐the‐art.Abstract Two‐photon interference from an InAs/InAlGaAs quantum dot (QD) emitting in the telecom C‐band with a raw two‐photon interference visibility of % is demonstrated. This is achieved by a two‐fold approach: an improvement of the molecular beam epitaxial growth for better QDs, and integration of the QDs into an optical circular Bragg grating resonator for a Purcell enhancement of the radiative decay rate. The quantum optical properties of the fabricated device are studied by means of time‐correlated single‐photon counting under quasi‐resonant excitation of the charged exciton line. A reduced lifetime of ps is found corresponding to a Purcell factor of F p ≧ . Pronounced anti‐bunching of the second‐order autocorrelation function at zero time delay confirms the single‐photon emission character. The two‐photon interference is demonstrated with an unbalanced Mach‐Zehnder interferometer in the Hong‐Ou‐Mandel configuration. Strategies are discussed on how to further improve the indistinguishability, and provide a survey of the state‐of‐the‐art.

arXiv:2501.15970Advanced Quantum TechnologiesJul 20, 202514 citations

\,

nm is ideal. The direct generation of QD-photons in this spectral range and with high quantum-optical quality, however, remained challenging. Here, we demonstrate the coherent on-demand generation of indistinguishable photons in the telecom C-band from single QD devices consisting of InAs/InP QD-mesa structures heterogeneously integrated with a metallic reflector on a silicon wafer. Using pulsed two-photon resonant excitation of the biexciton-exciton radiative cascade, we observe Rabi rotations up to pulse areas of

4π

and a high single-photon purity in terms of

g^{(2)}(0)=0.005(1)

and

0.015(1)

for exciton and biexciton photons, respectively. Applying two independent experimental methods, based on fitting Rabi rotations in the emission intensity and performing photon cross-correlation measurements, we consistently obtain preparation fidelities at the

π

-pulse exceeding 80

\%

. Finally, performing Hong-Ou-Mandel-type two-photon interference experiments we obtain a photon-indistinguishability of the full photon wave packet of up to

35(3)\%

, representing a significant advancement in the photon-indistinguishability of single photons emitted directly in the telecom C-band.

In this work we present a cavity-enhanced InAs/

\mathrm{In_{0.53}Al_{0.23}Ga_{0.24}As}

quantum dot (QD) single-photon source in the telecom C-band with a record-low biexciton emitter decay time of \SI{67.4(2)}{ps} under resonant two-photon excitation (TPE). We observe strong multiphoton suppression associated with

g^{(2)}_\mathrm{X}(0) = 0.006(1)

and

g^{(2)}_\mathrm{XX}(0) = 0.007(1)

for the exciton (X) and biexciton (XX) emission, respectively. Due to a asymmetric Purcell enhancement of the XX-X cascade, the two-photon interference (TPI) visibility of XX photons under

π

-pulse excitation of

V_{\rm{TPI}} = 90(3)\%

reaches the theoretical limit and clearly exceeds the

\sim60\%

expected for standard XX-X cascades without photonic engineering. Furthermore, adding a second timed laser pulse coinciding with XX emission energy, we demonstrate stimulated TPE in the telecom C-Band. The result is an improved TPI visibility of the X photons of

V_{\rm{TPI}}=0.69(3)

compared to TPE with

V_{\rm{TPI}}=0.61(4)

, with both being reduced compared to the theoretical values due to present dephasing effects. The advances presented in this work hold important promises for the implementation of advanced schemes of quantum communication using deterministic quantum light sources.