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arXiv:2512.18476 · Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Lineshape-Asymmetry-Caused Shift in Atomic Interferometers

V. I. Yudin, Прудников Олег Николаевич, A. V. Taichenachev, M. Yu. Basalaev, D.N. Kapusta, Andrei Goncharov, M. D. Radchenko, V. G. Pal'chikov, L. Zhou, M. S. Zhan

Published Dec 1, 2025• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the shift caused by asymmetry of spectroscopic lineshape in atomic interferometers, which has not previously been discussed in the scientific literature. This asymmetry arises because laser field is frequency-chirped not only during the free-evolution intervals of atoms, but also during the Ramsey pulses. As a result, the effective detuning from the working atomic transition during the pulses also depends on the chirping rate, which, in turn, leads to the lineshape-asymmetry-caused shift (LACS). It is shown that this shift has an inverse cubic dependence of $$ \propto 1{\text{/}}{{T}^{3}}$$ on the duration of the interval between the Ramsey pulses T , which markedly contrasts with the $$ \propto 1{\text{/}}{{T}^{2}}$$ dependence typical in atomic interferometry. Therefore, the metrological importance of this shift substantially increases for compact atomic interferometers with a short baseline. For example, for interferometers-gravimeters using two-photon transitions in rubidium atoms, at $$T \sim 1$$ ms we estimate the LACS shift and its variations at the level of 0.1–1 mGal, while for $$T \sim 100$$ μs this can reach a value of 0.1–1 Gal.

DOI
10.1134/s002136402560942x

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jun 7, 2007•1 citation
We investigate the shift caused by asymmetry of spectroscopic lineshape in atomic interferometers, which has not previously been discussed in the scientific literature. This asymmetry arises because laser field is frequency-chirped not only during the free-evolution intervals of atoms, but also during the Ramsey pulses. As a result, the effective detuning from the working atomic transition during the pulses also depends on the chirping rate, which, in turn, leads to the lineshape-asymmetry-caused shift (LACS). It is shown that this shift has an inverse cubic dependence of ∝1/T3 \propto 1{\text{/}}{{T}^{3}}∝1/T3 on the duration of the interval between the Ramsey pulses T , which markedly contrasts with the ∝1/T2 \propto 1{\text{/}}{{T}^{2}}∝1/T2 dependence typical in atomic interferometry. Therefore, the metrological importance of this shift substantially increases for compact atomic interferometers with a short baseline. For example, for interferometers-gravimeters using two-photon transitions in rubidium atoms, at T∼1T \sim 1T∼1 ms we estimate the LACS shift and its variations at the level of 0.1–1 mGal, while for T∼100T \sim 100T∼100 μs this can reach a value of 0.1–1 Gal.
This paper presents the first experimental observation and investigation of a lineshape-asymmetry-caused shift (LACS) in a short-baseline atomic interferometer–gravimeter. It is shown that this shift scales inversely with the cube of the free evolution time, ∝T−3 \propto {\kern 1pt} {{T}^{{ - 3}}}∝T−3 , and can lead to a noticeable systematic error in the measured value of the gravitational acceleration ggg at the level of 0.1–1 mGal ( T≈T \approx T≈ milliseconds). The obtained results are in good agreement with our previous theoretical studies and highlight the importance of accounting for LACS in high-precision absolute measurements of ggg in compact atomic gravimeters.
We present here an analysis of the influence of the frequency dependence of the Raman laser light shifts on the phase of a Raman-type atom gravimeter. Frequency chirps are applied to the Raman lasers in order to compensate gravity and ensure the resonance of the Raman pulses during the interferometer. We show that the change in the Raman light shift when this chirp is applied only to one of the two Raman lasers is enough to bias the gravity measurement by a fraction of $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Gal}$ ($1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Gal}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}/{\mathrm{s}}^{2}$). We also show that this effect is not compensated when averaging over the two directions of the Raman wave vector kkk. This thus constitutes a limit to the rejection efficiency of the kkk-reversal technique. Our analysis allows us to separate this effect from the effect of the finite speed of light, which we find in perfect agreement with expected values. This study highlights the benefit of chirping symmetrically the two Raman lasers.
Light-pulse atom gravimetry has emerged as a powerful technique for precisely measuring absolute gravitational acceleration. Raman lasers are commonly used in this technique to coherently manipulate the atomic wave packet, of which the effective frequency is chirped continuously to compensate for the Doppler shift. In this study we investigate an additional phase shift in the Raman lasers that arises due to the frequency chirp. We directly measure this phase shift by recording the beat signal of the Raman lasers with a high-speed oscilloscope, providing an independent evaluation of the resultant error in atom gravimeters caused by this phase shift. Concurrently, we detect the influence of the additional phase shift on gravity measurements using our atom gravimeter, and the results are in good agreement with the independent evaluation. Notably, there may still be a residual error at the microgal level when performing differential measurements by reversing the direction of the effective wave vector of the Raman lasers. We propose that this residual error can in principle be eliminated by selecting the same chirp frequency range for both directions in the differential measurement.
Atomic gravimeter based on atom interferometry has become a hotspot of quantum optics applications in recent years and shown rapid progress in static-scene measurements. Improving the adaptability on dynamic scenes is an important development direction, which calls for in-depth research on various errors caused by carrier motions. This work focuses on the error evaluation and compensation of motion-induced misalignment between the Raman laser beam and the atomic trajectory. A theoretical analysis framework is formed to investigate the atom-laser misalignment errors by considering both the inhomogeneous Raman laser intensity and wavefront phase distributions in a dynamic perspective. The influence on fringe contrast and phase shift in an atom-interferometry gravimeter is discussed. Quantitative study has been done with different motion types, motion rates as well as random motion noises. The results show oscillational decay trends of fringe contrast with the motion amplitude and the increased significance of rotationally antisymmetric Zernike terms in dynamical Raman wavefront phase shift evaluation. Strong correlations can be found between the misalignment errors and the experimental parameters. A compensation method is proposed accordingly via quickly adjusting the Raman intensity or pulse duration and comprehensive Raman wavefront characterization. Both amplitude and phase corrections are achieved. The analytical approach and results provide a practical solution for further advances of atom-interferometry under harsh motional conditions.
Atom interferometry relies on the separation and recombination of atom wavepackets. When the two paths overlap perfectly at the end of the interferometer, the phase is insensitive to the atomic velocity distribution. Here, we show that, when the separation and recombination is performed using a Raman transition there is a displacement of the atomic wavepacket due to a phase shift during light pulses. Because of the variation of the laser intensity seen by the atoms, there is an imperfect cancellation of these displacements. The observation of a velocity-dependent phase shift on the interferometer is the signature of this effect, which has been modeled. Thanks to the signature we have identified, we are able to compensate for this effect by applying laser power ramps during the interferometer to mitigate intensity variations.
The interference fringes of an atomic Ramsey interferometer may be narrowed if the two separated fields have different frequencies and their phase difference is controlled. For spatially separated fields, their width depends inversely on the free flight time of ground state atoms before entering the first field region in addition to the time between the fields. The narrowing effect is stable with respect to velocity fluctuations and for realistic mode functions. We also show that systematic phase shifts and phase fluctuations do not aggravate the frequency offset of the standard (one-frequency) Ramsey method.