Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2511.21801

Higher-order nonclassicality criteria for photon-subtracted and photon-added states via the normalization constant

Jhordan Santiago

quant-phSubmitted Nov 26, 2025• Announced Nov 27, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We show that any nonclassicality criterion based on factorial moments, including several higher-order parameters such as the Mandel $Q^{(\ell)}$ parameter, the Lee antibunching function $d^{(\ell-1)}_h$, and the Agarwal--Tara parameter $A_3$, can be computed straightforwardly for photon-subtracted and photon-added states by performing operator reordering of the factorial moments. Within this approach, all relevant quantities depend solely on the normalization constant of the given state.

Comments
3 pages

Related papers

Lower‐ and Higher‐Order Nonclassical Properties of Photon Added and Subtracted Displaced Fock States

Priya Malpani, Nasir Alam, Kishore Thapliyal +3 more

Abstract Nonclassical properties of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states are studied using various witnesses of lower‐ and higher‐order nonclassicality. Compact analytic expressions are obtained for the nonclassicality witnesses. Using those expressions, it is established that these states and the states that can be obtained as their limiting cases (except coherent states) are highly nonclassical as they show the existence of lower‐ and higher‐order antibunching and sub‐Poissonian photon statistics, in addition to the nonclassical features revealed through the Mandel parameter, zeros of Q function, Klyshko's criterion, and Agarwal–Tara criterion. Further, some comparison between the nonclassicality of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states have been performed using witnesses of nonclassicality. This has established that between the two types of non‐Gaussianity inducing operations (i.e., photon addition and subtraction) used here, photon addition influences the nonclassical properties more strongly. Further, optical designs for the generation of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states from squeezed vacuum state have also been proposed.

arXiv:1808.01458•Annalen der Physik•Jan 10, 2019•35 citations

Higher‐Order Nonclassicality in Photon Added and Subtracted Qudit States

Kathakali Mandal, Amit Verma

Abstract Higher‐order nonclassical properties of r photon added and t photon subtracted qudit states (referred to as rPAQS and tPSQS, respectively) are investigated here to answer: How addition and subtraction of photon can be used to engineer higher‐order nonclassical properties of qudit states? To obtain the answer, higher‐order moment of relevant bosonic field operators is first obtained and subsequently used to study the higher‐order nonclassical properties (e.g., higher‐order antibunching, higher‐order squeezing, and higher‐order sub‐Poissonian photon statistics) of the corresponding states. These witnesses establish that rPAQS and tPSQS are highly nonclassical. To quantitatively establish this observation and to make a comparison between rPAQS and tPSQS, volumes of the negative part of Wigner function are computed. Finally, for the sake of verifiability of the obtained results, optical tomograms are also reported. Throughout the study, a particular type of qudit state named as a new generalized binomial state is used as an example.

arXiv:2006.02150•Annalen der Physik•Sep 6, 2020•7 citations

Lower-vs-Higher Order Non-classicality of Photon-added Bell-type Entangled Coherent States

Deepak Deepak, Arpita Chatterjee

We compare the lower and higher order non-classicality of a class of the photon-added Bell-type entangled coherent states (PBECS) got from Bell-type entangled coherent states using creation operators. We obtained lower and higher order criteria namely Mandel's $Q_m^l$, antibunching $d_h^{l-1}$, Subpoissioning photon statistics $D_h(l-1)$ and Squeezing $S(l)$ for the states obtained. Further we observe that first three criteria does not gives non-classicality for any state and higher order criteria gives very high positive values for all values of parameters. Also the fourth or last criterion $S(l)$ gives non-classicality for lower order as well as higher order.

arXiv:2305.18123•May 29, 2023•0 citations

Higher order nonclassicality in single photon added and subtracted binomial state of light

Kathakali Mandal, Amit Verma

In the recent years, effect of photon addition and subtraction to a quantum state of light is explored for coherent state, thermal state, Schrödinger cat state, Gaussian state and many more. It is reported that the phenomena of photon addition or subtraction significantly affect nonclassical properties of the states of light. Here we wish to study the effect of photon addition and subtraction to the binomial start of radiation on the nonclassical properties of the state. We observed that the depth of nonclassicality increases with photon addition and decreases with photon subtraction in antibunching and squeezing phenomenon. We also report significant changes in photon number distribution and variable with depending parameters.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2019•1 citation

Lower- versus higher-order nonclassicalities for a coherent superposed quantum state

Deepak Deepak, Arpita Chatterjee

A coherent state is defined conventionally in different ways such as a displaced vacuum state, an eigenket of an annihilation operator, or as an infinite dimensional Poissonian superposition of Fock states. In this work, we describe a superposition ( t a + r a † ) of field annihilation and creation operators acting on a continuous variable coherent state | α ⟩ and specify it by | ψ ⟩ . We analyze the lower- as well as higher-order nonclassical properties of | ψ ⟩ . The comparison is performed by using a set of nonclassicality witnesses (e.g., higher-order photon statistics, higher-order antibunching, higher-order sub-Poissonian statistics, higher-order squeezing, Agarwal–Tara parameter, Klyshko’s condition, and a relatively new concept, matrix of phase-space distribution). It is found that the higher-order criteria are much more efficient to detect the presence of nonclassicality as compared to lower-order conditions except squeezing, where the lower-order one is more competent than its higher-order counterpart.

arXiv:2304.05054•Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Sep 17, 2021•2 citations

Nonclassicality of Any Number Photon Added-then-subtractedand Subtracted-then-added Coherent States

廖小鸽 LIAO Xiao-ge, 张浩亮 ZHANG Hao-liang, 胡利云 HU Li-yun

We study the nonclassical properties of arbitrary number photon creation-then-annihilation operation(CA) and annihilation-then-creation operation(AC) to the coherent states,and give the analytical expression.Because of the noncoummutativity of between annihilation operator and the creation operator,the states generated by AC operation and CA operation have different nonclassical properties.We firstly derive the analytical expressions of normalization factor for these states,and then study the statistics characteristics by some nonclassical properties,such as the Mandel Q parameters,the photon number distribution and the Wigner function.It is shown that these states have a very distinct nonclassical properties,and the nonclassical state generated by AC operation can present more clear nonclassicality than those generated by the CA operation.

Acta Sinica Quantum Optica•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations
We show that any nonclassicality criterion based on factorial moments, including several higher-order parameters such as the Mandel Q(ℓ)Q^{(\ell)}Q(ℓ) parameter, the Lee antibunching function dh(ℓ−1)d^{(\ell-1)}_hdh(ℓ−1)​, and the Agarwal--Tara parameter A3A_3A3​, can be computed straightforwardly for photon-subtracted and photon-added states by performing operator reordering of the factorial moments. Within this approach, all relevant quantities depend solely on the normalization constant of the given state.
Abstract Nonclassical properties of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states are studied using various witnesses of lower‐ and higher‐order nonclassicality. Compact analytic expressions are obtained for the nonclassicality witnesses. Using those expressions, it is established that these states and the states that can be obtained as their limiting cases (except coherent states) are highly nonclassical as they show the existence of lower‐ and higher‐order antibunching and sub‐Poissonian photon statistics, in addition to the nonclassical features revealed through the Mandel parameter, zeros of Q function, Klyshko's criterion, and Agarwal–Tara criterion. Further, some comparison between the nonclassicality of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states have been performed using witnesses of nonclassicality. This has established that between the two types of non‐Gaussianity inducing operations (i.e., photon addition and subtraction) used here, photon addition influences the nonclassical properties more strongly. Further, optical designs for the generation of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states from squeezed vacuum state have also been proposed.
Abstract Higher‐order nonclassical properties of r photon added and t photon subtracted qudit states (referred to as rPAQS and tPSQS, respectively) are investigated here to answer: How addition and subtraction of photon can be used to engineer higher‐order nonclassical properties of qudit states? To obtain the answer, higher‐order moment of relevant bosonic field operators is first obtained and subsequently used to study the higher‐order nonclassical properties (e.g., higher‐order antibunching, higher‐order squeezing, and higher‐order sub‐Poissonian photon statistics) of the corresponding states. These witnesses establish that rPAQS and tPSQS are highly nonclassical. To quantitatively establish this observation and to make a comparison between rPAQS and tPSQS, volumes of the negative part of Wigner function are computed. Finally, for the sake of verifiability of the obtained results, optical tomograms are also reported. Throughout the study, a particular type of qudit state named as a new generalized binomial state is used as an example.
We compare the lower and higher order non-classicality of a class of the photon-added Bell-type entangled coherent states (PBECS) got from Bell-type entangled coherent states using creation operators. We obtained lower and higher order criteria namely Mandel's QmlQ_m^lQml​, antibunching dhl−1d_h^{l-1}dhl−1​, Subpoissioning photon statistics Dh(l−1)D_h(l-1)Dh​(l−1) and Squeezing S(l)S(l)S(l) for the states obtained. Further we observe that first three criteria does not gives non-classicality for any state and higher order criteria gives very high positive values for all values of parameters. Also the fourth or last criterion S(l)S(l)S(l) gives non-classicality for lower order as well as higher order.
In the recent years, effect of photon addition and subtraction to a quantum state of light is explored for coherent state, thermal state, Schrödinger cat state, Gaussian state and many more. It is reported that the phenomena of photon addition or subtraction significantly affect nonclassical properties of the states of light. Here we wish to study the effect of photon addition and subtraction to the binomial start of radiation on the nonclassical properties of the state. We observed that the depth of nonclassicality increases with photon addition and decreases with photon subtraction in antibunching and squeezing phenomenon. We also report significant changes in photon number distribution and variable with depending parameters.
A coherent state is defined conventionally in different ways such as a displaced vacuum state, an eigenket of an annihilation operator, or as an infinite dimensional Poissonian superposition of Fock states. In this work, we describe a superposition ( t a + r a † ) of field annihilation and creation operators acting on a continuous variable coherent state | α ⟩ and specify it by | ψ ⟩ . We analyze the lower- as well as higher-order nonclassical properties of | ψ ⟩ . The comparison is performed by using a set of nonclassicality witnesses (e.g., higher-order photon statistics, higher-order antibunching, higher-order sub-Poissonian statistics, higher-order squeezing, Agarwal–Tara parameter, Klyshko’s condition, and a relatively new concept, matrix of phase-space distribution). It is found that the higher-order criteria are much more efficient to detect the presence of nonclassicality as compared to lower-order conditions except squeezing, where the lower-order one is more competent than its higher-order counterpart.
We study the nonclassical properties of arbitrary number photon creation-then-annihilation operation(CA) and annihilation-then-creation operation(AC) to the coherent states,and give the analytical expression.Because of the noncoummutativity of between annihilation operator and the creation operator,the states generated by AC operation and CA operation have different nonclassical properties.We firstly derive the analytical expressions of normalization factor for these states,and then study the statistics characteristics by some nonclassical properties,such as the Mandel Q parameters,the photon number distribution and the Wigner function.It is shown that these states have a very distinct nonclassical properties,and the nonclassical state generated by AC operation can present more clear nonclassicality than those generated by the CA operation.