Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2511.13194 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

High-Fidelity Universal Quantum Gate Compilation for Non-semisimple Ising Anyons via Genetic Algorithm-Optimized Solovay-Kitaev Decomposition

Jiangwei Long, Zihui Liu, Yizhi Li, Jianxin Zhong, Lijun Meng

quant-phSubmitted Nov 17, 2025• Announced Nov 18, 2025• 0 citations• Revised Jan 17, 2026 (v2)
v1 · Nov 17, 2025v2 · Jan 17, 2026v3 · Oct 29, 2026
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a systematic numerical construction of a universal quantum gate set for topological quantum computation based on the non-semisimple Ising anyons model. By employing a Genetic Algorithm-enhanced Solovay-Kitaev Algorithm (GA-enhanced SKA), we achieve high-fidelity approximations of standard single-qubit gates (Hadamard H-gate and phase T-gate) with a recursion level of just three, meeting the fidelity requirements for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Our numerical results demonstrate that for the critical parameter range α \in [2.001, 2.022], a few braiding operations can approximate the local equivalence class [CNOT] with high precision. Specifically, at α =2.012, 2.015, 2.020, and 2.022, we successfully construct a universal gate set {H, T, CNOT} with leakage errors of two-qubit gate below 0.07,0.08,0.09 and 0.10, respectively. This work establishes a new pathway towards universal quantum computation using non-semisimple Ising anyons, overcoming the limitations of traditional Ising models through optimized braiding sequences and Genetic Algorithm-driven compilation.

Journal reference
J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. (2026)
DOI
10.1088/1751-8121/ae91a0

Related papers

Universal Quantum Gate Compilation in $SU(2)_k$ Anyon Models via Multiple-Braiding

Jiangwei Long, Zihui Liu, Yizhi Li +1 more

We investigate the capability of multiple-braiding in $SU(2)_k$ anyon models to realize universal quantum computation. The multiple elementary braiding matrices (MEBMs) are derived from the $q$-deformed representation theory of $SU(2)$. Through a general analysis of the MEBMs, we find that multiple-braiding loses its universality only when the braiding multiplicity $m$ causes the MEBMs to collapse to a scalar (up to a global phase). Our numerical analysis of the MEBMs of $SU(2)_k$ anyon models with $k = 3, 5, 6, 7$, and $m \in [2, 9]$, shows that the values of $m$ at which the braid group representation fails to be dense agree exactly with the theoretical prediction. For those $m$ that support universality, single-qubit gates are compiled to high precision by a genetic algorithm-enhanced Solovay-Kitaev algorithm (GA-enhanced SKA), and a genetic algorithm (GA) search with progressively increasing braid length yields an approximately the local equivalence class $[CNOT]$. Notably, even-order braiding operations offer a physical advantage by reducing the number of non-Abelian anyons required in braiding-based topological quantum computation (TQC). Our analytical and numerical results together provide strong evidence for identifying which braiding multiplicities $m$ support universal quantum computation in $SU(2)_k$ anyon models.

quant-pharXiv:2602.15324•Feb 18, 2026•0 citations

Genetic algorithm enhanced Solovay-Kitaev algorithm for quantum compiling of Fibonacci anyons

Jiangwei Long, Xuyang Huang, Jianxin Zhong +1 more

Abstract Quantum compiling, which aims to approximate target qubit gates by finding optimal sequences (braidwords) of basic braid operations, constitutes a fundamental challenge in quantum computing. We develop a genetic algorithm (GA)-enhanced Solovay–Kitaev algorithm (SKA) for approximating single-qubit gates using four elementary braiding matrices (EBMs) derived from Fibonacci anyons. The GA-enhanced SKA demonstrates robust performance, efficiently identifying optimal braidwords within exponentially large search spaces. Notably, the approximation precision achieved by our method surpasses that of Monte Carlo (MC)-enhanced SKA and becomes comparable to deep reinforcement learning (RL) approaches when braidword lengths exceed 25. Implementing 2- and 3-order approximations with the GA-enhanced SKA yields optimal braidword (initial braiding lengths l 0 = 50 and 30 respectively) achieving gate distances of 5.9 × 10 −7 - sufficient precision for most quantum computing applications. This work develops an optimized compilation framework for non-Abelian anyon gates, providing an essential methodology for enhancing future topological quantum computation architectures through gate optimization.

arXiv:2501.01746•Physica Scripta•Nov 1, 2025•1 citation

Topological quantum compilation of metaplectic anyons based on the genetic optimized algorithms

Jiangwei Long, Jianxin Zhong, Lijun Meng

Topological quantum computing holding global anti-interference ability is realized by braiding some anyons, such as well-known Fibonacci anyons. Here, based on $SO(3)_2 $ theory we obtain a total of 6 anyon models utilizing \textit{F}-matrices, \textit{R}-symbols, and fusion rules of metaplectic anyon.We obtain the elementary braiding matrices (EBMs) by means of unconventional encoding. After braiding \textit{X} and $X^\prime$, we insert a pair of \textit{Z} anyons into them to ensure that the initial order of anyons remains unchanged. In this process only fusion is required, and measurement is not necessary. Three of them $\{V^{113}_3,V^{131}_3,V^{133}_1\}$ are studied in detail. We study systematically the compilation of these three models through EBMs obtained analytically. For one-qubit case, the classical \textit{H}- and \textit{T}-gate can be well constructed using the genetic algorithm enhanced Solovay-Kitaev algorithm (GA-enhanced SKA) by $\{V^{113}_3,V^{131}_3,V^{133}_1\}$. The obtained accuracy of the \textit{H}/\textit{T}-gate by $\{V^{113}_3,V^{133}_1\}$ is slightly inferior to the corresponding gates of the Fibonacci anyon model, but it also can meet the requirements of fault-tolerant quantum computing, $V^{131}_3$ giving the best performance of these four models. For the two-qubit case, we use the exhaustive method for short lengths and the GA for long lengths to obtain braidword for $\{V^{113}_3,V^{131}_3,V^{133}_1\}$ models. The resulting matrices can well approximate the local equivalence class of the CNOT-gate, while demonstrating a much smaller error than the Fibonacci model, especially for the $V^{113}_3$.The braiding processes of conventional encoding (using identical anyons) and unconventional encoding (using distinct anyons) are compared. Finally, we attempt to generalize the model to the \textit{N}-qubit case.

arXiv:2501.01745•Physical Review A•Jun 26, 2025•4 citations

Robust universal braiding with nonsemisimple Ising anyons

Filippo Iulianelli, Sung Kim, Joshua Sussan +1 more

Non-semisimple extensions of the Ising anyon model developed in our previous work enable universal topological quantum computation via braiding alone, overcoming the Clifford-only limitation of semisimple theories. The non-semisimple theory provides new anyon types indexed by a real parameter $α$, the neglecton. Braiding acts unitarily with respect to an indefinite Hermitian form, while the computational subspace sits in a positive-definite sector. We demonstrate that this universality is robust, persisting over an open interval of the neglecton parameter $α$ where the computational subspace remains positive-definite. We identify special values of $α$ where the physical subspace decouples exactly from negative-norm components, ensuring fully unitary evolution and suppressed leakage. We further present an alternative encoding supporting exact single-qubit Clifford gates alongside a non-Clifford phase gate. We show that high-precision tuning of $α$ is not required for efficient gate compilation, significantly enhancing the physical plausibility of non-semisimple anyonic architectures.

arXiv:2509.02843•Physical Review A•Mar 27, 2026•0 citations

Universal Gates from Braiding and Fusing Anyons on Quantum Hardware

Chiu Fan Bowen Lo, Anasuya Lyons, Dan Gresh +8 more

Topological quantum computation encodes quantum information in the internal fusion space of non-Abelian anyonic quasiparticles, whose braiding implements logical gates. This goes beyond Abelian topological order (TO) such as the toric code, as its anyons lack internal structure. However, the simplest non-Abelian generalizations of the toric code do not support universality via braiding alone. Here we demonstrate that such minimally non-Abelian TOs can be made universal by treating anyon fusion as a computational primitive. We prepare a 54-qubit TO wavefunction associated with the smallest non-Abelian group, $S_3$, on Quantinuum's H2 quantum processor. This phase of matter exhibits cyclic anyon fusion rules, known to underpin universality, which we evidence by trapping a single non-Abelian anyon on the torus. We encode logical qutrits in the nonlocal fusion space of non-Abelian fluxes and, by combining an entangling braiding operation with anyon charge measurements, realize a universal topological gate set and read-out, which we further demonstrate by topologically preparing a magic state. This work establishes $S_3$ TO as simple enough to be prepared efficiently, yet rich enough to enable universal topological quantum computation.

quant-pharXiv:2601.20956•Nature•Jan 30, 2026•0 citations

Universal quantum computation using Ising anyons from a non-semisimple topological quantum field theory

Filippo Iulianelli, Sung Kim, Joshua Sussan +1 more

We propose a framework for topological quantum computation using newly discovered non-semisimple analogs of topological quantum field theories in 2 + 1 dimensions. These enhanced theories offer more powerful models for quantum computation. The conventional theory of Ising anyons, which is believed to describe excitations in the ν = 5/2 fractional quantum Hall state, is not universal for quantum computation via braiding of quasiparticles. However, we show that the non-semisimple theory introduces new anyon types that extend the Ising framework. By adding just one new anyon type, universal quantum computation can be achieved through braiding alone. This result opens new avenues for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing in topologically ordered systems. Ising anyons are a promising platform for topological quantum computation, but braiding alone is not universal. Here, authors show that extending to non-semi simple TQFTs introduces new anyon types that enable universal quantum computation with Ising anyons.

arXiv:2410.14860•Nature Communications•Aug 5, 2025•5 citations
We present a systematic numerical construction of a universal quantum gate set for topological quantum computation based on the non-semisimple Ising anyons model. By employing a Genetic Algorithm-enhanced Solovay-Kitaev Algorithm (GA-enhanced SKA), we achieve high-fidelity approximations of standard single-qubit gates (Hadamard H-gate and phase T-gate) with a recursion level of just three, meeting the fidelity requirements for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Our numerical results demonstrate that for the critical parameter range α \in [2.001, 2.022], a few braiding operations can approximate the local equivalence class [CNOT] with high precision. Specifically, at α =2.012, 2.015, 2.020, and 2.022, we successfully construct a universal gate set {H, T, CNOT} with leakage errors of two-qubit gate below 0.07,0.08,0.09 and 0.10, respectively. This work establishes a new pathway towards universal quantum computation using non-semisimple Ising anyons, overcoming the limitations of traditional Ising models through optimized braiding sequences and Genetic Algorithm-driven compilation.
Universal Quantum Gate Compilation in SU(2)kSU(2)_kSU(2)k​ Anyon Models via Multiple-Braiding
We investigate the capability of multiple-braiding in SU(2)kSU(2)_kSU(2)k​ anyon models to realize universal quantum computation. The multiple elementary braiding matrices (MEBMs) are derived from the qqq-deformed representation theory of SU(2)SU(2)SU(2). Through a general analysis of the MEBMs, we find that multiple-braiding loses its universality only when the braiding multiplicity mmm causes the MEBMs to collapse to a scalar (up to a global phase). Our numerical analysis of the MEBMs of SU(2)kSU(2)_kSU(2)k​ anyon models with k=3,5,6,7k = 3, 5, 6, 7k=3,5,6,7, and m∈[2,9]m \in [2, 9]m∈[2,9], shows that the values of mmm at which the braid group representation fails to be dense agree exactly with the theoretical prediction. For those mmm that support universality, single-qubit gates are compiled to high precision by a genetic algorithm-enhanced Solovay-Kitaev algorithm (GA-enhanced SKA), and a genetic algorithm (GA) search with progressively increasing braid length yields an approximately the local equivalence class [CNOT][CNOT][CNOT]. Notably, even-order braiding operations offer a physical advantage by reducing the number of non-Abelian anyons required in braiding-based topological quantum computation (TQC). Our analytical and numerical results together provide strong evidence for identifying which braiding multiplicities mmm support universal quantum computation in SU(2)kSU(2)_kSU(2)k​ anyon models.
Abstract Quantum compiling, which aims to approximate target qubit gates by finding optimal sequences (braidwords) of basic braid operations, constitutes a fundamental challenge in quantum computing. We develop a genetic algorithm (GA)-enhanced Solovay–Kitaev algorithm (SKA) for approximating single-qubit gates using four elementary braiding matrices (EBMs) derived from Fibonacci anyons. The GA-enhanced SKA demonstrates robust performance, efficiently identifying optimal braidwords within exponentially large search spaces. Notably, the approximation precision achieved by our method surpasses that of Monte Carlo (MC)-enhanced SKA and becomes comparable to deep reinforcement learning (RL) approaches when braidword lengths exceed 25. Implementing 2- and 3-order approximations with the GA-enhanced SKA yields optimal braidword (initial braiding lengths l 0 = 50 and 30 respectively) achieving gate distances of 5.9 × 10 −7 - sufficient precision for most quantum computing applications. This work develops an optimized compilation framework for non-Abelian anyon gates, providing an essential methodology for enhancing future topological quantum computation architectures through gate optimization.
Topological quantum computing holding global anti-interference ability is realized by braiding some anyons, such as well-known Fibonacci anyons. Here, based on $SO(3)_2 $ theory we obtain a total of 6 anyon models utilizing \textit{F}-matrices, \textit{R}-symbols, and fusion rules of metaplectic anyon.We obtain the elementary braiding matrices (EBMs) by means of unconventional encoding. After braiding \textit{X} and X′X^\primeX′, we insert a pair of \textit{Z} anyons into them to ensure that the initial order of anyons remains unchanged. In this process only fusion is required, and measurement is not necessary. Three of them {V3113,V3131,V1133}\{V^{113}_3,V^{131}_3,V^{133}_1\}{V3113​,V3131​,V1133​} are studied in detail. We study systematically the compilation of these three models through EBMs obtained analytically. For one-qubit case, the classical \textit{H}- and \textit{T}-gate can be well constructed using the genetic algorithm enhanced Solovay-Kitaev algorithm (GA-enhanced SKA) by {V3113,V3131,V1133}\{V^{113}_3,V^{131}_3,V^{133}_1\}{V3113​,V3131​,V1133​}. The obtained accuracy of the \textit{H}/\textit{T}-gate by {V3113,V1133}\{V^{113}_3,V^{133}_1\}{V3113​,V1133​} is slightly inferior to the corresponding gates of the Fibonacci anyon model, but it also can meet the requirements of fault-tolerant quantum computing, V3131V^{131}_3V3131​ giving the best performance of these four models. For the two-qubit case, we use the exhaustive method for short lengths and the GA for long lengths to obtain braidword for {V3113,V3131,V1133}\{V^{113}_3,V^{131}_3,V^{133}_1\}{V3113​,V3131​,V1133​} models. The resulting matrices can well approximate the local equivalence class of the CNOT-gate, while demonstrating a much smaller error than the Fibonacci model, especially for the V3113V^{113}_3V3113​.The braiding processes of conventional encoding (using identical anyons) and unconventional encoding (using distinct anyons) are compared. Finally, we attempt to generalize the model to the \textit{N}-qubit case.
Non-semisimple extensions of the Ising anyon model developed in our previous work enable universal topological quantum computation via braiding alone, overcoming the Clifford-only limitation of semisimple theories. The non-semisimple theory provides new anyon types indexed by a real parameter ααα, the neglecton. Braiding acts unitarily with respect to an indefinite Hermitian form, while the computational subspace sits in a positive-definite sector. We demonstrate that this universality is robust, persisting over an open interval of the neglecton parameter ααα where the computational subspace remains positive-definite. We identify special values of ααα where the physical subspace decouples exactly from negative-norm components, ensuring fully unitary evolution and suppressed leakage. We further present an alternative encoding supporting exact single-qubit Clifford gates alongside a non-Clifford phase gate. We show that high-precision tuning of ααα is not required for efficient gate compilation, significantly enhancing the physical plausibility of non-semisimple anyonic architectures.
Topological quantum computation encodes quantum information in the internal fusion space of non-Abelian anyonic quasiparticles, whose braiding implements logical gates. This goes beyond Abelian topological order (TO) such as the toric code, as its anyons lack internal structure. However, the simplest non-Abelian generalizations of the toric code do not support universality via braiding alone. Here we demonstrate that such minimally non-Abelian TOs can be made universal by treating anyon fusion as a computational primitive. We prepare a 54-qubit TO wavefunction associated with the smallest non-Abelian group, S3S_3S3​, on Quantinuum's H2 quantum processor. This phase of matter exhibits cyclic anyon fusion rules, known to underpin universality, which we evidence by trapping a single non-Abelian anyon on the torus. We encode logical qutrits in the nonlocal fusion space of non-Abelian fluxes and, by combining an entangling braiding operation with anyon charge measurements, realize a universal topological gate set and read-out, which we further demonstrate by topologically preparing a magic state. This work establishes S3S_3S3​ TO as simple enough to be prepared efficiently, yet rich enough to enable universal topological quantum computation.
We propose a framework for topological quantum computation using newly discovered non-semisimple analogs of topological quantum field theories in 2 + 1 dimensions. These enhanced theories offer more powerful models for quantum computation. The conventional theory of Ising anyons, which is believed to describe excitations in the ν = 5/2 fractional quantum Hall state, is not universal for quantum computation via braiding of quasiparticles. However, we show that the non-semisimple theory introduces new anyon types that extend the Ising framework. By adding just one new anyon type, universal quantum computation can be achieved through braiding alone. This result opens new avenues for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing in topologically ordered systems. Ising anyons are a promising platform for topological quantum computation, but braiding alone is not universal. Here, authors show that extending to non-semi simple TQFTs introduces new anyon types that enable universal quantum computation with Ising anyons.