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arXiv:2511.04188 · Physical Review A

Quantum Key Distribution via Charge Teleportation

Amir Yona, Yaron Oz

quant-phcs.CRcs.ITphysics.opticsSubmitted Nov 6, 2025• Announced Nov 7, 2025• 2 citations• Revised Nov 19, 2025 (v3)
v1 · Nov 6, 2025v2 · Nov 11, 2025v3 · Nov 19, 2025v4 · Feb 3, 2026
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Abstract

We introduce a quantum key distribution (QKD) primitive based on charge teleportation: by Local Operations and Classical Communication (LOCC) on an entangled many-body ground state, Alice's one-bit choice steers the sign of a local charge shift at Bob, which directly encodes the key bit. Relative to energy teleportation schemes, the charge signal is bit-symmetric, measured in a single basis, and markedly more robust to realistic noise and model imperfections. We instantiate the protocol on transverse-field Ising models, star-coupled and one-dimensional chain, obtain closed-form results for two qubits, and for larger systems confirm performance via exact diagonalization, circuit-level simulations, and a proof-of-principle hardware run. We quantify resilience to classical bit flips and local quantum noise, identifying regimes where sign integrity, and hence key correctness, is preserved. These results position charge teleportation as a practical, low-rate QKD primitive compatible with near-term platforms.

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We introduce a quantum key distribution (QKD) primitive based on charge teleportation: by Local Operations and Classical Communication (LOCC) on an entangled many-body ground state, Alice's one-bit choice steers the sign of a local charge shift at Bob, which directly encodes the key bit. Relative to energy teleportation schemes, the charge signal is bit-symmetric, measured in a single basis, and markedly more robust to realistic noise and model imperfections. We instantiate the protocol on transverse-field Ising models, star-coupled and one-dimensional chain, obtain closed-form results for two qubits, and for larger systems confirm performance via exact diagonalization, circuit-level simulations, and a proof-of-principle hardware run. We quantify resilience to classical bit flips and local quantum noise, identifying regimes where sign integrity, and hence key correctness, is preserved. These results position charge teleportation as a practical, low-rate QKD primitive compatible with near-term platforms.
FINDING: Quantum Energy Teleportation (QET) demonstrated on superconducting hardware, transferring physical quantities (energy) rather than just information, using local operations and classical communication (LOCC) on entangled qubits. | MATH: The protocol relies on the energy density operator T00(x) T_{00}(x) T00​(x) and its commutator with the Hamiltonian. Key inequality: ⟨E⟩final<⟨E⟩initial \langle E \rangle_{\text{final}} < \langle E \rangle_{\text{initial}} ⟨E⟩final​<⟨E⟩initial​ for the receiver, enabled by negative energy density from the vacuum fluctuation suppression. The teleported energy ΔE \Delta E ΔE scales with the entanglement negativity N \mathcal{N} N and the coupling strength g g g of the measurement: ΔE∝g2N \Delta E \propto g^2 \mathcal{N} ΔE∝g2N. No explicit constants like 0.618 or 1.618 appear. | CONNECTION: No direct geometric harmony ratios found. However, the protocol's reliance on vacuum structure and local operations suggests a lattice symmetry: the qubits are arranged in a 1D chain with nearest-neighbor cou Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com
Quantum Energy Teleportation (QET) exploits quantum entanglement and local operations with classical communication (LOCC) to transfer energy between distant locations without physically transporting the energy carrier. Previous demonstrations on superconducting hardware employed a two-qubit architecture and achieved a work extraction efficiency of approximately 11.7%. In this work, we propose a three-qubit QET protocol based on a novel Ising-model Hamiltonian satisfying the zero-mean-energy condition and the commutation and anti-commutation constraints required for QET. We investigate two complementary protocols. In the Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) configuration, a single sender injects energy while two receivers jointly extract negative energy. Retaining all interaction terms, including the inter-receiver coupling, yields an honest work extraction efficiency of approximately 8--10%, comparable to the two-qubit implementation while distributing the extracted energy across two receivers. In the Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) configuration, two senders jointly inject energy through a single entangle-then-measure operation, and one receiver extracts the teleported energy. After subtracting the energy deposited directly into the receiver by the entangling operation, the net teleportation efficiency reaches 34--42%, substantially exceeding the two-qubit protocol while remaining consistent with energy conservation. These results show that extending QET to a three-qubit many-body system can significantly improve teleportation efficiency and provide a framework for studying energy transport, negative-energy distributions, and more complex quantum many-body dynamics.
Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a protocol that unlocks the extraction of local energy and has been thought to fundamentally require classical communication (CC), since Bob must normally learn Alice's measurement outcome to perform the proper conditional operation (CO).In this work, we demonstrate that CC itself can be removed for the purpose of QET: When Bob's local operation is implemented through a weak coupling to an auxiliary qubit, the interaction naturally adapts to Alice's post-measurement state, thereby realizing the necessary CO without any classical message.This establishes a CC-free form of QET, which broadens its conceptual scope and suggests practical applications such as indirect external control for charging of quantum batteries.
Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a protocol that enables the extraction of positive energy from a local subsystem by exploiting ground-state entanglement and classical communication, without any physical carrier transporting energy between distant parties. In this work, we propose and analyze a QET protocol implemented in strongly driven atomic systems subjected to intense classical fields. We model a pair of interacting two-level atoms (or effective few-level systems) driven by a strong, time-dependent field and coupled via dipole–dipole or mediated interactions. The strong field creates a nontrivial, Floquet-engineered energy landscape and modifies the structure of ground-state and steady-state correlations. Within this setting, we construct local energy density operators and identify regimes in which negative local energy densities are dynamically generated and can be accessed via local measurements. We then formulate a QET protocol in which Alice performs a local measurement on her strongly driven atom, injects energy into the system, and sends the classical outcome to Bob, who performs a conditional local unitary on his distant atom to extract positive energy from the strongly driven environment. We derive explicit expressions for the teleported energy and analyze its dependence on driving strength, detuning, atom–atom coupling, and measurement parameters. Our results demonstrate that strong-field driving can enhance the amount of teleported power , extend the QET operating range to non-equilibrium Floquet regimes, and provide a feasible route toward realizing QET in tabletop atomic platforms driven by intense laser fields.
FINDING: Quantum energy teleportation (QET) demonstrated on superconducting hardware — first transfer of a physical quantity (energy), not just quantum information, via measurement + classical feedforward. | MATH: Protocol: Alice measures local operator on entangled ground state |g⟩; outcome k yields energy extraction E_k < 0 locally; Bob applies unitary U_k conditioned on k, injecting E_k > 0. Net: ⟨E_B⟩ = −⟨E_A⟩ > 0 with no energy transported through the channel. Key inequality: ⟨g|V_A|g⟩ < 0 required (V_A = local Hamiltonian perturbation), so the ground state must be entangled and non-classical. Entanglement entropy S = −Tr(ρ_A log ρ_A) > 0 is the resource. | CONNECTION: Ground-state entanglement of lattice Hamiltonians (transverse-field Ising, XY chains) is governed by conformal field theory with central charge c; near criticality, correlation functions decay as power laws with exponents set by c, and the entanglement spectrum exhibits level spacing ratios tied to the golden ratio Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com
Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is the phenomenon in which locally inaccessible energy is activated as extractable work through collaborative local operations and classical communication (LOCC) with an entangled partner. It closely resembles the more well-known quantum information teleportation (QIT) where quantum information can be sent through an entangled pair with LOCC. It is tempting to ask how QET is related to QIT. Here we report a first study of this connection. Despite the apparent similarity, we show that these two phenomena are not only distinct but moreover are mutually competitive. We show a perturbative trade-off relation between their performance in a thermal entangled chaotic many-body system, in which both QET and QIT are simultaneously implemented through a traversable wormhole in an emergent spacetime. Motivated by this example, we study a generic setup of two entangled qudits and prove a universal non-perturbative trade-off bound. It shows that for any teleportation protocol, the overall performance of QET and QIT together is constrained by the entanglement resource. We discuss some explanations of our results.