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arXiv:2509.18379

Scalable Steady-State Entanglement with Floquet-Engineered Stabilizer Pumping in Neutral Atom Arrays

F.-Q. Guo, Shi‐Lei Su, Weibin Li, Shao, X. Q.

Published Sep 22, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

We propose a dissipative protocol for preparing nonequilibrium steady-state entanglement in neutral atom arrays within a Floquet-Lindblad framework. Stabilizer pumping is implemented through noninstantaneous kicks, where each period consists of a short resonant laser pulse followed by a detuned strong $π$ pulse that couples the atomic ground state to a Rydberg state. This scheme is intrinsically fast and robust against the Doppler shifts and interatomic spatial fluctuations, as adiabatic requirements on the laser field are avoided. As such the engineered dissipation channels induce a fast decay rate, dramatically accelerating convergence toward the desired steady states. We show that this approach is inherently scalable and enables high-fidelity preparation of arbitrary multipartite graph states in the neutral atom array at zero and finite temperatures. Our study not only facilitates the preparation of resource states for measurement-based quantum computation but also provides a passive error-correction mechanism in the undergoing computation.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2509.18379

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We propose a dissipative protocol for preparing nonequilibrium steady-state entanglement in neutral atom arrays within a Floquet-Lindblad framework. Stabilizer pumping is implemented through noninstantaneous kicks, where each period consists of a short resonant laser pulse followed by a detuned strong πππ pulse that couples the atomic ground state to a Rydberg state. This scheme is intrinsically fast and robust against the Doppler shifts and interatomic spatial fluctuations, as adiabatic requirements on the laser field are avoided. As such the engineered dissipation channels induce a fast decay rate, dramatically accelerating convergence toward the desired steady states. We show that this approach is inherently scalable and enables high-fidelity preparation of arbitrary multipartite graph states in the neutral atom array at zero and finite temperatures. Our study not only facilitates the preparation of resource states for measurement-based quantum computation but also provides a passive error-correction mechanism in the undergoing computation.
Autonomous stabilization of many-body quantum states requires a mechanism that continuously removes stabilizer violations without relying on measurement and feedback. Here we develop a Floquet-Lindblad framework for scalable stabilizer pumping in neutral Rydberg atom arrays. Periodically modulated Rydberg excitation selectively couples the negative-eigenvalue sector of a prescribed stabilizer to auxiliary Rydberg states, while engineered dissipation irreversibly transfers the population into the corresponding positive-eigenvalue sector and leaves the target stabilizer manifold dark. This establishes a modular pumping primitive that can be composed to autonomously stabilize general many-body stabilizer manifolds, rather than merely prepare a specific entangled state. The combination of Floquet-selective excitation and fast engineered dissipation accelerates convergence, while transient single-Rydberg excitation and suppressed real multi-Rydberg occupation reduce sensitivity to Rydberg-state loss, blackbody-radiation-induced leakage, and spatial fluctuations. We demonstrate the framework through Bell and multiqubit graph states, including parallel stabilizer pumping that reduces the convergence time for the simulated multiqubit systems. The same dissipative attraction also enables purification of imperfect resource states. These results establish Floquet-engineered stabilizer pumping as a scalable route toward autonomous quantum-state stabilization and protected entanglement generation in neutral-atom platforms.
Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and WWW states feature genuine tripartite entanglement that cannot be converted into each other by local operations and classical communication. Here, we present a dissipative protocol for deterministic interconversion between Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and WWW states of three neutral 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms arranged in an equilateral triangle of a two-dimensional array. With three atomic levels and diagonal van der Waals interactions of Rydberg atoms, the interconversion between tripartite entangled states can be efficiently accomplished in the Floquet-Lindblad framework through the periodic optical pump and dissipation engineering. We evaluate the feasibility of the existing methodology using the experimental parameters accessible to current neutral-atom platforms. We find that our scheme is robust against typical noises, such as laser phase noise and geometric imperfections of the atom array. In addition, our scheme can integrate the Gaussian soft quantum control technique, which further reduces the overall conversion time and increases the resilience to timing errors and interatomic distance fluctuations. The high-fidelity and robust tripartite entanglement interconversion protocol provides a route to save physical resources and enhance the computational efficiency of quantum networks formed by neutral-atom arrays.
Neutral atom systems are promising platforms for quantum simulation and computation, owing to their long coherence times. However, their intrinsically weak ground-state interactions pose a major limitation to the advancement of scalable quantum simulation and computation. To address this challenge, we propose an approach to enhancing the ground-state interaction strength of neutral atoms via Floquet modulation of a Rydberg atomic ensemble. Each Floquet period consists of ground-state coupling followed by a pulse driving the transition from the ground state to the Rydberg state. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that after a defined evolution time, neutral atoms within Rydberg ensembles can collectively form a WWW state in the ground-state manifold. Even when the Rydberg interaction strength is far below the blockade regime, the fidelity remains remarkably high. Finally, we analyze the application of this scheme in the preparation of single-photon sources. In general, our proposed mechanism offers an efficient and highly controllable method for quantum state preparation within the Rydberg atomic ensembles, significantly enhancing the accuracy and stability of quantum state engineering while providing a well-controlled quantum environment for single-photon generation.
We propose a cooling scheme to prepare stationary entanglement of neutral atoms in the Rydberg blockade regime by the combination of periodically collective laser pumping and dissipation. In each cycle, the controlled unitary dynamics process can selectively pump atoms away from the nontarget state while keeping the target state unchanged. The subsequent dissipative process redistributes the populations of ground states through the engineered spontaneous emission. After a number of cycles, the system will eventually be stabilized into the desired steady state, independent of the initial state. This protocol does not rely on coherent addressing of individual neutral atoms or fine control of Rydberg interaction intensity, which can, in principle, greatly improve the feasibility of experiments in related fields.
Preparing correlated quantum states is essential for emerging technologies, but remains challenging in many-body systems. Here we propose a dissipative protocol that engineers nonreciprocal, energy-selective transitions to steer dipolar quantum systems toward desired many-body states. This is realized by introducing two types of controllable dissipative auxiliary atoms that act as nonreciprocal excitation and de-excitation channels, respectively, enabling a directional walk in Hilbert space. This approach enables stabilization of states across the many-body spectrum, not limited to the ground state and requiring no \textit{a priori} knowledge of the Hamiltonian. Our approach is designed for neutral atoms in dipolar Rydberg arrays, but applies broadly to setups with similar capabilities, providing a flexible and scalable framework for state preparation in programmable platforms.
Neutral-atom systems are promising platforms for quantum simulation and computation, owing to their long coherence times. However, their intrinsically weak ground-state interactions pose a major limitation to the advancement of scalable quantum simulation and computation. To address this challenge, we propose an approach to enhancing the ground-state interaction strength of neutral atoms via Floquet modulation of a Rydberg atomic ensemble. Each Floquet period consists of ground-state coupling followed by a pulse driving the transition from the ground state to the Rydberg state. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that after a defined evolution time, neutral atoms within Rydberg ensembles can collectively form a W state in the ground-state manifold. Even when the Rydberg interaction strength is far below the blockade regime, the fidelity remains remarkably high. Finally, we analyze the application of this scheme in the preparation of single-photon sources. In general, our proposed mechanism offers an efficient and highly controllable method for quantum state preparation within the Rydberg atomic ensembles, significantly enhancing the accuracy and stability of quantum state engineering while providing a well-controlled quantum environment for single-photon generation.