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arXiv:2509.00804 · The European Physical Journal C

Would the fidelity of quantum teleportation be increased by a local filtering operation near a dilaton black hole under decoherence?

Chun-yao Liu, Zheng‐Wen Long, Qi-Liang He

Published Sep 1, 2025• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the effects of black holes and environmental decoherence generally negatively influence quantum correlations and the fidelity of quantum teleportation in curved spacetime. In our paper, we find that as the dilaton parameter increases, the fidelity of quantum teleportation can either decrease or increase, which suggests that even in the presence of system-environment coupling, the dilaton effect of black hole can positive influence teleportation fidelity; specifically, the dilaton effect can create net fidelity in quantum teleportation under decoherence. This interesting result challenges the long-held belief that the effects of black holes and environmental decoherence can only reduce the fidelity of quantum teleportation. Additionally, we observe an unreported result: if the fidelity of quantum teleportation remains in the classical region, it can be transformed into the quantum region by utilizing a local filtering operation, thereby achieving better fidelity than classical communication. This impressive result may provide new insights for developing an experimental scheme to effectively implement quantum teleportation in the context of dilaton black holes under decoherence.

DOI
10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14628-6

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Abstract Previous studies have shown that the effects of black holes and environmental decoherence generally negatively influence quantum correlations and the fidelity of quantum teleportation in curved spacetime. In our paper, we find that as the dilaton parameter increases, the fidelity of quantum teleportation can either decrease or increase, which suggests that even in the presence of system-environment coupling, the dilaton effect of black hole can positive influence teleportation fidelity; specifically, the dilaton effect can create net fidelity in quantum teleportation under decoherence. This interesting result challenges the long-held belief that the effects of black holes and environmental decoherence can only reduce the fidelity of quantum teleportation. Additionally, we observe an unreported result: if the fidelity of quantum teleportation remains in the classical region, it can be transformed into the quantum region by utilizing a local filtering operation, thereby achieving better fidelity than classical communication. This impressive result may provide new insights for developing an experimental scheme to effectively implement quantum teleportation in the context of dilaton black holes under decoherence.
A bstract Previous studies have shown that the Hawking effect always destroys quantum correlations and the fidelity of quantum teleportation in the Schwarzschild black hole. Here, we investigate the fidelity of quantum teleportation of Dirac fields between users in Schwarzschild spacetime. We find that, with the increase of the Hawking temperature, the fidelity of quantum teleportation can monotonically increase, monotonically decrease, or non-monotonically increase, depending on the choice of the initial state, which means that the Hawking effect can create net fidelity of quantum teleportation. This striking result banishes the extended belief that the Hawking effect of the black hole can only destroy the fidelity of quantum teleportation. We also find that quantum steering cannot fully guarantee the fidelity of quantum teleportation in Schwarzschild spacetime. This new unexpected source may provide a new idea for the experimental evidence of the Hawking effect.
Abstract We investigate the robustness of quantum teleportation in the presence of strong gravitational fields by analyzing bipartite mixed states derived from tripartite GHZ and W -class states near black hole event horizons. Considering a scenario where two observers approach the horizon of either a Schwarzschild or a Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger Dilaton black hole while a third remains in flat space, we quantify the teleportation fidelity of the resulting bipartite channels after tracing out one party. Through the quantization of Dirac fields and Bogoliubov transformations, we compute the teleportation fidelity under the influence of Hawking radiation and spacetime curvature. Our results show that while entanglement degrades, teleportation fidelity remains above the classical threshold of f > 2 3 for channels derived from W -class states, but not for GHZ -derived states. This indicates that quantum teleportation can remain feasible near black holes provided the initial entangled state retains useful bipartite entanglement.
We investigate the influence of the Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GHS) dilaton black hole on different quantum resources of Dirac fields beyond the single-mode approximation. By employing the negativity to characterize quantum entanglement and the l1l_1l1​-norm and the relative entropy of coherence to characterize quantum coherence, we demonstrate that these resources exhibit remarkably different responses to the gravitational field. Specifically, increasing the dilaton parameter continuously suppresses quantum entanglement, leaving only a finite residual amount in the strong-gravity regime, whereas quantum coherence is enhanced, indicating that the dilaton-induced spacetime affects nonlocal quantum correlations and local quantum superposition in fundamentally different ways. Furthermore, we show that an initially maximally entangled state does not always possess the largest negativity after propagating in the GHS dilaton spacetime; instead, under appropriate conditions, certain non-maximally entangled states can retain stronger entanglement than the maximally entangled one. These findings reveal the resource-dependent nature of gravitational effects in dilaton black hole backgrounds and provide new insights into the manipulation and protection of quantum resources for relativistic quantum information processing in curved spacetime.
We study the properties of quantum entanglement and teleportation in the background of stationary and rotating curved spacetimes with extra dimensions. We show that a maximally entangled Bell state in an inertial frame becomes less entangled in curved space due to the well-known Hawking–Unruh effect. The degree of entanglement is found to be degraded with the increase in the extra dimensions. For a finite black hole surface gravity, the observer may choose a higher frequency mode to keep high level entanglement. The fidelity of quantum teleportation is also reduced because of the Hawking–Unruh effect. We discuss the fidelity as a function of extra dimensions, mode frequency, black hole mass and black hole angular momentum parameter for both bosonic and fermionic resources.
Previous studies have shown that the decoherence of environments generally negatively influences the quantum correlations in the Schwarzschild black hole . In our paper, we find that the decoherence of the generalized amplitude damping (GAD) channel has both positive and negative effects on the quantum coherence of Dirac fields, which means that the decoherence of environments can not only reduce the quantum coherence but also increase the quantum coherence in Schwarzschild spacetime. This result banishes the widespread belief that the decoherence of the environment can only destroy the quantum coherence in curved spacetime. Furthermore, another novel phenomenon has been observed for the first time: with increasing Hawking temperature T, the QFI of physically inaccessible modes rapidly decays from infinity to 0, which may provide a way to detect whether the particles enter the physically inaccessible region or not. This result may provide a new perspective for exploring and analyzing black holes.
Abstract Wu et al. [J. High Energ. Phys. 2023 , 232 (2023)] first found that the fidelity of quantum teleportation with a bipartite entangled resource state, completely determined by the fully entangled fraction (FEF) characterized by the maximal fidelity between the given quantum state and the set of maximally entangled states, can monotonically increase in Schwarzschild spacetime. The Hawking effect on the FEF of quantum states in tripartite systems is investigated. In this study, it is showed that the Hawking effect of a black hole may both decrease and increase the FEF in Schwarzschild spacetime. For an initial X‐type state, it is found that the Hawking effect of the black hole has both positive and negative impacts on the FEF of Dirac fields, depending on the selection of initial states. For an initial W‐like state, the Hawking effect of the black hole has only a positive impact on the FEF of Dirac fields, independent of the selection of initial states. These results provide an insightful view of quantum teleportation in multipartite systems under the influence of Hawking effects, from the perspective of quantum information and general relativity.