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arXiv:2507.07697 · Applied Physics Letters

Strong squeezing and perfect one-way EPR steering in electro-optomechanical system

Qing-Min Zeng, A‐Peng Liu, Qi Guo

Published Feb 9, 2026• 1 citation
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Abstract

An integrated platform that can generate multiple quantum resources on demand plays a key role in quantum information processing. Here, we study a three-mode electro-optomechanical system in which a mechanical oscillator is coupled to an optical cavity and an LC circuit through radiation pressure and capacitive coupling, respectively. We show that the proposed scheme enables simultaneous strong squeezing of both the microwave and mechanical modes as well as perfect one-way Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering between the optical and mechanical modes. By controlling the two-tone driving of the optical cavity and the red-detuned driving of the LC circuit, one can alter the fundamental working mode of the system to generate different quantum states on demand. This work provides an effective multi-functional platform for generating different quantum resources.

DOI
10.1063/5.0298857

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An integrated platform that can generate multiple quantum resources on demand plays a key role in quantum information processing. Here, we study a three-mode electro-optomechanical system in which a mechanical oscillator is coupled to an optical cavity and an LC circuit through radiation pressure and capacitive coupling, respectively. We show that the proposed scheme enables simultaneous strong squeezing of both the microwave and mechanical modes as well as perfect one-way Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering between the optical and mechanical modes. By controlling the two-tone driving of the optical cavity and the red-detuned driving of the LC circuit, one can alter the fundamental working mode of the system to generate different quantum states on demand. This work provides an effective multi-functional platform for generating different quantum resources.
We consider a three-mode optomechanical system in which two mechanical oscillators are independently coupled to a cavity mode driven by two controllable lasers. By controlling the two-tone driving, one can prepare the entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering of two mechanical modes, in which the cavity mode acts as a single reservoir to cool two Bogoliubov modes. We find that the direction of EPR steering can be manipulated effectively by adjusting the damping rates and the thermal noises of two mechanical modes. In addition, we show that the entanglement and EPR steering between two mechanical modes can be enhanced by adding a parametric amplifier (PA) into the cavity. The effects of the strength and phase of the PA on the mechanical entanglement and EPR steering are analyzed and discussed in detail. Meanwhile, the additional PA can also expand the region of the one-way steering and strengthen the robustness of the entanglement and EPR steering against the thermal noise. The present scheme may provide effective resources for quantum information processing.
We propose a theoretical project in which quantum squeezing induces quantum entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in a coupled whispering-gallery-mode optomechanical system. Through pumping the χ (2) -nonlinear resonator with the phase matching condition, the generated squeezed resonator mode and the mechanical mode of the optomechanical resonator can generate strong quantum entanglement and EPR steering, where the squeezing of the nonlinear resonator plays the vital role. The transitions from zero entanglement to strong entanglement and one-way steering to two-way steering can be realized by adjusting the system parameters appropriately. The photon-photon entanglement and steering between the two resonators can also be obtained by deducing the amplitude of the driving laser. Our project does not need an extraordinarily squeezed field, and it is convenient to manipulate and provides a novel and flexible avenue for diverse applications in quantum technology dependent on both optomechanical and photon-photon entanglement and steering.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a form of quantum correlation and its intrinsic asymmetry makes it distinct from entanglement and Bell nonlocality. We propose here a scheme for realizing one-way Gaussian steering of two electromagnetic fields mediated by a mechanical oscillator. We reveal that the steady-state one-way steering of the intracavity and output fields is obtainable with different cavity losses or strong mechanical damping. The conditions for achieving this asymmetric steering are found, and it shows that the steering is robust against thermal mechanical fluctuations. The present scheme can realize hybrid microwave-optical asymmetric steering by optoelectromechanics. In addition, our results are generic and can also be applied to other three-mode parametrically coupled bosonic systems.
Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering is a form of inseparable quantum correlations that exhibits an inherent asymmetric property, i.e. one-way steering. In this paper, we show that the radiation pressure effect can be profitably exploited to generate stationary Gaussian quantum steering between an optical cavity mode and a mechanical mode. The optical mode is driven by a blue-detuned laser within the unresolved sideband regime. Under realistic experimental conditions, we show that strong asymmetric steering can be generated between the two considered modes. Besides, we show that the direction of one-way steering can be controlled by varying the physical parameters of the system at hand (coupling, dissipation, and detuning). Also, we discuss how the generated steering can be estimated experimentally. The demonstrated optomechanical steering may have practical implications for asymmetric quantum information tasks, e.g. one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation.
Abstract A scheme is proposed for generating remote entanglement and one‐way Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen (EPR) steering between two mechanical resonators in a cavity optomechanical system. Both mechanical resonators are coupled to a common cavity, which contains an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and is driven by a squeezed vacuum field. The entanglement and EPR steering can be generated by the squeezed vacuum field and significantly enhanced by the gain of OPA. By manipulating the ratio of two effective optomechanical coupling strengths, the asymmetric EPR steering with excellent controllability on the direction, even the one‐way EPR steering can be achieved. Moreover, both the squeezed vacuum field and the OPA can effectively enhance the robustness of EPR steering against the environment temperature, and the temperature‐dependent one‐way EPR steering is explored. This work paves the way toward generating macroscopic mechanical entanglement and EPR steering with potential applications in quantum information processing.
Quantum entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering are valuable resources in quantum information processing. How to enhance the quantum entanglement and EPR steering of coupled optomechanical systems with a weak squeezed vacuum field is studied when the displacement of detuning induced by the mechanical mode is considered. Compared with the condition that the system interacts with a vacuum environment, the quantum entanglement and EPR steering are stronger when the squeezed vacuum field is applied. A squeezed vacuum field with a large degree is not beneficial to enhance the quantum entanglement and EPR steering. Rather than the squeezing parameter of the squeezed vacuum field, the reference phase plays a vital role in this model.