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arXiv:2506.12702

Multiphoton blockade by multi-tone drive

Guang-Yu Zhang, Zhihao Liu, Jie‐Qiao Liao, Xun‐Wei Xu

Published Jun 15, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

Multiphoton blockade provides an efficient way to achieve entangled photon sources and leads to wide applications in modern quantum technologies. Here, we propose a scheme to realize multiphoton blockade by a multi-tone drive. Specifically, we demonstrate two-photon and three-photon blockades in a single-mode optical Kerr resonator using a two-tone and a three-tone drive, respectively. In comparison with the single-tone drive, except for the blockade of the $(n+1)$th photon excitation due to large detuning, the key mechanism in this scheme is the sequently resonant excitations of all the $m$-photon states ($m\leq n$) by the $n$-tone drive, which lead to the enhancement of photon generation and the demonstration of multiphoton blockade in the weak driving regime. Moreover, the photon distribution within the system can be adjusted on demand by tuning the relative amplitudes of the driving fields for different frequencies. The scheme can be extended to other bosonic systems and be applied to demonstrate other multiphoton physical effects.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2506.12702

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Multiphoton blockade provides an efficient way to achieve entangled photon sources and leads to wide applications in modern quantum technologies. Here, we propose a scheme to realize multiphoton blockade by a multitone drive. Specifically, we demonstrate two-photon and three-photon blockades in a single- mode optical Kerr resonator using a two-tone and a three-tone drive, respectively. In comparison with the single-tone drive, except for the blockade of the (n+1)th(n+1)\mathrm{th}(n+1)th photon excitation due to large detuning, the key mechanism in this scheme is the sequentially resonant excitations of all the mmm-photon states $(m\ensuremath{\le}n)$ by the nnn-tone drive, which lead to the enhancement of photon generation and the demonstration of multiphoton blockade in the weak driving regime. Moreover, the photon distribution within the system can be adjusted on demand by tuning the relative amplitudes of the driving fields for different frequencies. The scheme can be extended to other bosonic systems and be applied to demonstrate other multiphoton physical effects.
We demonstrate multiphoton blockades (PB) in the pulsed regime by using a Kerr-nonlinear dissipative resonator driven by a sequence of Gaussian pulses. It is shown that the results obtained for single-photon, two-photon, and three-photon blockades in the pulsed excitation regime differ considerably from analogous results obtained for the case of continuous-wave (cw) driving. We strongly demonstrate that for the case of cw pumping of the Kerr-nonlinear resonator there are fundamental limits on populations of lower photonic number states (with n=0n=0n=0, 1, 2, 3). Thus, such detailed comparison demonstrates that PB due to excitation with a suitable photon pulses is realized beyond the fundamental limits established for cw excitations. We analyze photon-number effects and investigate the phase-space properties of PB on the base of photon number populations, the second-order correlation functions, and the Wigner functions in phase space. The generation of Fock states due to PB in the pulsed regime is analyzed in details.
Optomechanical systems are capable of coupling to various engineered quantum systems. The ability of extending optomechanical systems to the quantum regime holds the potential for wide applications in quantum information processing and quantum sensing. Due to its importance in single-photon sources and hybrid quantum devices, optomechanical photon blockade (OMPB) has been theoretically predicted with various types of interactions. However, the realization of OMPB requires strict conditions, such as strong optomechanical coupling or precise control of system parameters. Here, we propose how to release such conditions and realize OMPB with experimentally accessible parameters. We find strong OMPB in a weak coupling regime by using bi-tone drive. Moreover, such OMPB can be flexibly controlled by tuning optical detuning. Our work provides a method for achieving strong antibunched photon-photon correlation in weak coupling optomechanics, enabling hybrid quantum devices for applications in quantum information processing.
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Analogous to Coulomb blockade for electrons, photon blockade is a key quantum optical effect in which the presence of one photon prevents the transmission of subsequent ones through a nonlinear medium. Beyond its fundamental interest, photon and multi-photon blockade are actively studied as mechanisms for generating technologically-relevant quantum states of light. Although photon blockade typically requires achieving strong light-matter coupling, increasing the number of atoms fails to enhance antibunching. Here, we analyze the optical transmission properties of a quantum resonator that embeds a two-photon-coupled ensemble of emitters, combining an approximate analytical approach with full quantum numerical simulations. We show that when light and matter are coupled via a two-photon interaction, both single- and multi-photon blockade can benefit from a collective enhancement. We propose different driving schemes in which the second or third-order correlation functions are strongly suppressed with increasing atom number. Differently from established methods, this collective enhancement of non-classical properties occurs with unitary transmission and is ultimately constrained only by decoherence. This demonstrates that collective two-photon couplings are a powerful mechanism for realizing photon blockade even in platforms where individual strong coupling is not achievable.