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arXiv:2506.07684 · Physics Letters A

Phase estimation via delocalized photon subtraction operation inside the SU(1,1) interferometer

Zhihao Li, Qingqian Kang, Teng Zhao, Cunjin Liu, Liyun Hu, Chengzhi Deng

Published Apr 30, 2026• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131737

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We propose to employ photon level operations (PLOs) to enhance the phase sensitivity of the SU(1,1) interferometer (SUI). Two types of PLOs are considered, including photon subtraction scheme (PSS) and photon addition scheme (PAS). By performing either PSS or PAS on the two arms inside the SUI, we demonstrate that the phase sensitivity of the SUI can be enhanced. More interestingly, we find that both PSS and PAS are able to increase the robustness of the SUI against the internal loss of the interferometer, which is one of the main imperfect factors that limit the performance of the SUI.

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Abstract To improve the phase sensitivity, multi-photon subtraction schemes (multi-PSS) within the SU(1,1) interferometer are proposed. The input states are the coherent state and the vacuum state, and the detection method is homodyne detection. The effects of multi-photon subtraction on phase sensitivity, quantum Fisher information (QFI), and quantum Cramér-Rao bound (QCRB) are analyzed under both ideal and photon losses situations. It is shown that the internal subtraction operation can improve the phase sensitivity, which becomes better performance by increasing subtraction number. It can also efficiently improve the robustness of the SU(1,1) interferometer against internal photon losses. By comparing separatively arbitrary photon subtraction on the two-mode inside SU(1,1) interferometer, the performance differences under different conditions are analyzed, including the asymmetric properties of non-Gaussian operations on the phase precision and the QFI. Our proposed scheme represents a valuable method for achieving quantum precision measurements.
We propose to employ photon level operations (PLOs) to enhance the phase sensitivity of the SU(1,1) interferometer (SUI). Two types of PLOs are considered, including photon subtraction scheme (PSS) and photon addition scheme (PAS). By performing either PSS or PAS on the two arms inside the SUI, we demonstrate that the phase sensitivity of the SUI can be enhanced. More interestingly, we find that both PSS and PAS are able to increase the robustness of the SUI against the internal loss of the interferometer, which is one of the main imperfect factors that limit the performance of the SUI.