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arXiv:2506.02054 · Physical Review A

Quantum key distribution by quantum energy teleportation

Shlomi Dolev, Kazuki Ikeda, Yaron Oz

Published Feb 24, 2026• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a process that leverages quantum entanglement and local operations to transfer energy between two spatially separated locations without physically transporting particles or energy carriers. We construct a QET-based quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol and analyze its security and robustness to noise in both the classical and the quantum channels. We generalize the construction to an $N$-party information sharing protocol, possessing a feature that dishonest participants can be detected.

DOI
10.1103/7s7y-7xcn

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Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a process that leverages quantum entanglement and local operations to transfer energy between two spatially separated locations without physically transporting particles or energy carriers. We construct a QET-based quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol and analyze its security and robustness to noise in both the classical and the quantum channels. We generalize the construction to an NNN-party information sharing protocol, possessing a feature that dishonest participants can be detected.
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Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is, from the operational viewpoint of distant protocol users, energy transportation via local operations and classical communication. QET has various links to fundamental research fields including black-hole physics, the quantum theory of Maxwell's demon, and quantum entanglement in condensed-matter physics. However, the energy that has been extracted using a previous QET protocol is limited by the distance between two protocol users; the upper bound of the energy being inversely proportional to the distance. In this paper, we prove that introducing squeezed vacuum states with local vacuum regions between the two protocol users overcomes this limitation, allowing energy teleportation over practical distances.
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Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is an energy extraction protocol via local operation and classical communication (LOCC). In this paper, we analyze QET with the correlation matrix and find the essence of QET is a quantum steering process. We propose an extended QET called strong QET protocol and define the QET passive state, which shows that quantum correlation is not a sufficient condition for QET. We also compare QET in noisy channels with direct energy extraction schemes, which indicates the advantage of our method in dealing with quantum operations. Furthermore, we extend the method to the NNN-qubit QET and give numerical examples.
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