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arXiv:1305.3955 · Physical Review A

Quantum energy teleportation without a limit of distance

Masahiro Hotta, Jiro Matsumoto, G. Yusa

Published Jan 13, 2014• 73 citations
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Abstract

Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is, from the operational viewpoint of distant protocol users, energy transportation via local operations and classical communication. QET has various links to fundamental research fields including black-hole physics, the quantum theory of Maxwell's demon, and quantum entanglement in condensed-matter physics. However, the energy that has been extracted using a previous QET protocol is limited by the distance between two protocol users; the upper bound of the energy being inversely proportional to the distance. In this paper, we prove that introducing squeezed vacuum states with local vacuum regions between the two protocol users overcomes this limitation, allowing energy teleportation over practical distances.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.89.012311

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Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is, from the operational viewpoint of distant protocol users, energy transportation via local operations and classical communication. QET has various links to fundamental research fields including black-hole physics, the quantum theory of Maxwell's demon, and quantum entanglement in condensed-matter physics. However, the energy that has been extracted using a previous QET protocol is limited by the distance between two protocol users; the upper bound of the energy being inversely proportional to the distance. In this paper, we prove that introducing squeezed vacuum states with local vacuum regions between the two protocol users overcomes this limitation, allowing energy teleportation over practical distances.
Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a quantum feedback protocol in which local measurements, classical communication, and preexisting entanglement enable the extraction of energy at a distant site, without transporting physical energy carriers. Originally conceived as a theoretical manifestation of Maxwell’s demon, QET has developed into a versatile tool for probing quantum correlations, diagnosing phase transitions, and powering emergent quantum thermodynamic technologies. This brief review provides a pedagogical introduction to the theoretical foundations and recent developments of QET, including quantum operations, entropic and fidelity-based bounds, and resource analyses involving quantum discord. Additionally, recent experimental realizations on superconducting quantum computers are revisited.
Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is the phenomenon in which locally inaccessible energy is activated as extractable work through collaborative local operations and classical communication (LOCC) with an entangled partner. It closely resembles the more well-known quantum information teleportation (QIT) where quantum information can be sent through an entangled pair with LOCC. It is tempting to ask how QET is related to QIT. Here we report a first study of this connection. Despite the apparent similarity, we show that these two phenomena are not only distinct but moreover are mutually competitive. We show a perturbative trade-off relation between their performance in a thermal entangled chaotic many-body system, in which both QET and QIT are simultaneously implemented through a traversable wormhole in an emergent spacetime. Motivated by this example, we study a generic setup of two entangled qudits and prove a universal non-perturbative trade-off bound. It shows that for any teleportation protocol, the overall performance of QET and QIT together is constrained by the entanglement resource. We discuss some explanations of our results.
FINDING: Quantum teleportation transmits quantum *states* (information), not matter; recent work extends this to teleporting *energy* via superconducting hardware, with earth-to-space distance records (1,400 km). | MATH: Core protocol: Bell-state measurement + classical communication (2 classical bits) + unitary correction (Pauli operators X,Z,iYX, Z, iYX,Z,iY). State transfer fidelity F=⟨ψ∣ρout∣ψ⟩F = \langle \psi | \rho_{\text{out}} | \psi \rangleF=⟨ψ∣ρout​∣ψ⟩ — experiments report F>0.9F > 0.9F>0.9 (often ~0.9–0.99). Energy teleportation (arXiv:2301.02666) uses a quantum energy teleportation (QET) protocol: local measurement on one qubit, conditional feedback on a distant entangled qubit, extracting energy from the vacuum fluctuation of the entangled pair. Key quantity: extractable energy ΔE=⟨HB⟩after−⟨HB⟩before>0\Delta E = \langle H_B \rangle_{\text{after}} - \langle H_B \rangle_{\text{before}} > 0ΔE=⟨HB​⟩after​−⟨HB​⟩before​>0, bounded by entanglement entropy S(ρAB)S(\rho_{AB})S(ρAB​) and local operation classical communication (LOCC) constraints. No new fundamental constants Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com
In this work, we explore quantum energy teleportation (QET) protocols, focusing on their behavior at finite temperatures , in ground and excited states. We analyze the role of entanglement as a resource for QET, particularly in thermal states, and compare the performance of QET across these initial states. We then introduce a method to extract ground-state energy through a protocol that employs only quantum measurements, local operations, and classical communication (LOCC), without requiring the ground state to be quantum correlated either through entanglement or quantum discord. To illustrate this, we propose a minimal model comprising two interacting qubits. These findings indicate that, in addition to the established QET framework where quantum correlation serves as a resource, it is possible to extract energy from an product ground state. This broadens the scope of QET's applicability across diverse quantum systems.
FINDING: Quantum energy teleportation (QET) demonstrated on superconducting hardware; single-photon double-slit re-confirms Bohr; Japanese groups teleport three-dimensional quantum states. | MATH: QET uses local operations and classical communication (LOCC) with energy extracted from vacuum fluctuations via entanglement; key inequality: ⟨E⟩extracted>0 \langle E \rangle_{\text{extracted}} > 0 ⟨E⟩extracted​>0 requires ⟨ψ∣Hlocal∣ψ⟩<0 \langle \psi | H_{\text{local}} | \psi \rangle < 0 ⟨ψ∣Hlocal​∣ψ⟩<0 (negative local energy density) enabled by entanglement; teleportation fidelity F=12+16∑i=x,y,zTr(ρσi⊗σi) F = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6} \sum_{i=x,y,z} \text{Tr}(\rho \sigma_i \otimes \sigma_i) F=21​+61​∑i=x,y,z​Tr(ρσi​⊗σi​) for qubits; for qutrits (3D), fidelity bound Fmax=23 F_{\text{max}} = \frac{2}{3} Fmax​=32​ classical vs 13 \frac{1}{3} 31​ for 3-level systems; superconducting transmon qubit coupling g/2π∼100–300 MHz g/2\pi \sim 100\text{–}300\,\text{MHz} g/2π∼100–300MHz, anharmonicity α/2π∼−200 MHz \alpha/2\pi \sim -200\,\text{MHz} α/2π∼−200MHz. | CONNECTION: QET's energy extraction from vacuum maps to negative energy density in curved spacetime Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com
We propose a protocol for quantum energy teleportation which transports energy in spin chains to distant sites only by local operations and classical communication. By utilizing ground-state entanglement and notion of negative energy density region, energy is teleported without breaking any physical laws including causality and local energy conservation. Because not excited physical entity but classical information is transported in the protocol, the dissipation Quantum entanglement opens the door to several interesting quantum phenomena, including quantum teleportation (QT) [1], by which an unknown quantum state can be teleported to a distant place by local operations and classical communication (LOCC). However, QT cannot transport excitation