Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2505.18813 · Physical Review A

Entanglement dynamics of multi-level atoms embedded in photonic crystals: Leveraging resonant dipole-dipole interactions and quantum interference

Nancy Ghangas, Shubhrangshu Dasgupta

Published Apr 3, 2026• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a comprehensive investigation of entanglement dynamics in multi-level V-type atomic systems embedded within photonic crystals. We mainly focus on the synergistic roles of resonant dipole-dipole interactions and quantum interference through analytical modeling and numerical simulations using the Schrodinger equation. Key findings reveal that resonant interaction dominates when the interatomic distance is comparable to the localization length of photon-atom bound states lying in the bandgap region. For atoms with anti-parallel dipole orientations, both initially entangled and separable states exhibit robust entanglement preservation due to strong collective interactions. Conversely, when dipoles are oriented orthogonally, initially entangled states exhibit unique oscillatory patterns in their entanglement dynamics. This effect arises from the formation of dark states due to destructive interference within the structured photonic environment, with resonant dipole-dipole interactions sustaining non-Markovian dynamics. We further demonstrate that positioning the atomic excited states deeper within the photonic bandgap accelerates the decay of entanglement oscillations due to the exponential suppression of resonant energy exchange mediated by evanescent modes. Our analysis establishes resonant dipole-dipole interactions and quantum interference as potential tools for tailoring entanglement dynamics, paving the way for controlled quantum coherence in photonic crystal platforms.

DOI
10.1103/pr2d-7pcv

Related papers

Atom-atom interaction in an anisotropic photonic crystal

Shuangyuan Xie, Yaping Yang, Hong Chen +1 more

Spontaneous emission from two two-level atoms within an anisotropic photonic crystal is investigated when direct dipole-dipole interaction is taken into account. The radiation properties of the present two atoms system are similar to that of a V-type three-level atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal. The direct dipole-dipole interaction can enhance or depress the spontaneous emission depending on the relative position of the upper levels from the band edge of the photonic crystals. Owing to quantum interference and the dipole-dipole interaction, the spontaneous emission spectra are complicated non-Lorentzian shapes and depend strongly on the relative position of the upper levels from the bandgap and the initial state of the system.

Journal of Modern Optics•Jan 1, 2003•11 citations

Quantum interference in spontaneous emission from a V-type three-level atom in photonic crystals

Chih-Hsien Huang Jing-Nuo Wu, Yen-Yin Li, Szu-Cheng Cheng +1 more

Studying the spontaneous emission of a V-type three-level atom embedded in a photonic crystal (PC) by fractional calculus, we found that the atomic excited states in the anisotropic PC can be expressed as a superposition of four dressed states analytically. Through detuning two allowed atomic transition energies with respect to the photonic band edge, the coupling between these two transitions leads to three dynamic regimes, namely non-Markovian decay, damped quantum interference and quantum interference, classified by the numbers of contributed bounded dressed states. From the degree of quantum interference of two atomic transitions, we found the energy exchange between the atom and PC reservoir is the lowest as the excited states become degenerate but with maximum quantum interference when the atom is prepared at one of the excited states. The results also show that excited states prefer to stay out of phase at all detuning energy except for near degenerate. Therefore, we can control the spontaneous emission rate not only by the amount of detuning frequencies but also the relative phase of initial states.

arXiv:1101.4706•Jan 25, 2011•0 citations

Photon-mediated dynamics of two atoms in a one-dimensional resonator waveguide

Tao Li, Wenju Gu, Liangbin He +4 more

Abstract We investigate the quantum dynamics of two two-level atoms coupled to a one-dimensional resonator waveguide. Using the resolvent method, we obtain exact analytical solutions for the atomic evolution and photon scattering processes within the single-excitation subspace. The photonic band structure of the waveguide dictates distinctly different dynamical regimes. For atomic frequencies at the band center and small interatomic separation, the system exhibits Markovian decay and relaxes into a steady-state subradiant Bell entangled state. In contrast, near the band edge, non-Markovian dynamics dominates, leading to the formation of atom-photon bound states that mediate persistent, coherent interactions between the atoms. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the atomic detuning and separation provide effective control over singlephoton scattering, enabling a tunable quantum interface.

Chinese Physics B•Jan 21, 2026•0 citations

Effects of engineering initial states and quantum interference near the edge of a photonic bandgap on the entanglement

Haozhen Li, Shuangyuan Xie, Jingping Xu +1 more

The entanglement dynamics of a V-type three-level atom and its radiation field near the band edge of a photonic crystal is investigated. It is shown that the entanglement dynamics experiences periodic oscillation behavior with a constant amplitude, and can be enhanced or reduced by the quantum interference between the two atomic transitions. These properties depend strongly on the relative position between the upper levels and the band edge, and on the initial state of the atom. There is a special position at which the time evolution of the entanglement changes from oscillating to constant in long time limits.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•May 6, 2015•3 citations

Resonance interaction energy between two entangled atoms in a photonic bandgap environment

Valentina Notararigo, Roberto Passante, Lucia Rizzuto

Abstract We consider the resonance interaction energy between two identical entangled atoms, where one is in the excited state and the other in the ground state. They interact with the quantum electromagnetic field in the vacuum state and are placed in a photonic-bandgap environment with a dispersion relation quadratic near the gap edge and linear for low frequencies, while the atomic transition frequency is assumed to be inside the photonic gap and near its lower edge. This problem is strictly related to the coherent resonant energy transfer between atoms in external environments. The analysis involves both an isotropic three-dimensional model and the one-dimensional case. The resonance interaction asymptotically decays faster with distance compared to the free-space case, specifically as 1/r2 compared to the 1/r free-space dependence in the three-dimensional case, and as 1/r compared to the oscillatory dependence in free space for the one-dimensional case. Nonetheless, the interaction energy remains significant and much stronger than dispersion interactions between atoms. On the other hand, spontaneous emission is strongly suppressed by the environment and the correlated state is thus preserved by the spontaneous-decay decoherence effects. We conclude that our configuration is suitable for observing the elusive quantum resonance interaction between entangled atoms.

arXiv:1512.05253•Scientific Reports•Mar 26, 2018•20 citations

Spontaneous emission from a V-type three-level atom in a dynamic photonic crystal

Xing Rong, Xie Shuang-Yuan, Xu Jing-Ping +1 more

The spontaneous emission from a V-type three-level atom embedded in an isotropic photonic crystal with dynamic photonic band edge is studied. We consider the situation where the atom interacts with all possible radiation modes, and calculate numerically the evolution of atomic population without using Markov approximation. The calculation method can be used in related researches. In the present paper, we mainly discuss the effects of modulation parameters and the quantum interference on spontaneous emission when the band edge is modulated with step function or triangle function. We hope that the results can contribute to the applications in the dynamic photonic crystal environment in controlling the spontaneous emission via the quantum interference. The results show that in the step-modulated situation, the number of the photon-atom bound dressed states after the modulation has happened depends on atomic transition frequencies and the band edge frequency at that time, and is identical to the one in the unmodulated situation with the same parameters. The long-time evolution of the atomic population is affected by the time when the modulation happens. Depending on the system initial state, after the modulation has happened, the quantum interference can weaken the probability amplitude components corresponding to the photon-atom bound dressed states, and cause the upper-level population to decay quickly from a great value to a value near zero; or on the contrary, it can strengthen the bound dressed states, and make the upper levels retain a high population. In the modulated situation with trigonometric functions, after long enough time, the total upper-level population presents a decaying quasi-periodic oscillation behaviour. And the evolution of the total upper-level population tends to synchronize with the modulation, so the frequency of the quasi-periodic oscillation is approximately equal to the modulation frequency. But, the quantum interference can destroy the synchronization under some conditions. The decay rate of the total upper-level population is affected by the modulation frequency, and also by the initial state of the system and the angle between two dipole moment because of the quantum interference.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2017•2 citations
We present a comprehensive investigation of entanglement dynamics in multi-level V-type atomic systems embedded within photonic crystals. We mainly focus on the synergistic roles of resonant dipole-dipole interactions and quantum interference through analytical modeling and numerical simulations using the Schrodinger equation. Key findings reveal that resonant interaction dominates when the interatomic distance is comparable to the localization length of photon-atom bound states lying in the bandgap region. For atoms with anti-parallel dipole orientations, both initially entangled and separable states exhibit robust entanglement preservation due to strong collective interactions. Conversely, when dipoles are oriented orthogonally, initially entangled states exhibit unique oscillatory patterns in their entanglement dynamics. This effect arises from the formation of dark states due to destructive interference within the structured photonic environment, with resonant dipole-dipole interactions sustaining non-Markovian dynamics. We further demonstrate that positioning the atomic excited states deeper within the photonic bandgap accelerates the decay of entanglement oscillations due to the exponential suppression of resonant energy exchange mediated by evanescent modes. Our analysis establishes resonant dipole-dipole interactions and quantum interference as potential tools for tailoring entanglement dynamics, paving the way for controlled quantum coherence in photonic crystal platforms.
Spontaneous emission from two two-level atoms within an anisotropic photonic crystal is investigated when direct dipole-dipole interaction is taken into account. The radiation properties of the present two atoms system are similar to that of a V-type three-level atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal. The direct dipole-dipole interaction can enhance or depress the spontaneous emission depending on the relative position of the upper levels from the band edge of the photonic crystals. Owing to quantum interference and the dipole-dipole interaction, the spontaneous emission spectra are complicated non-Lorentzian shapes and depend strongly on the relative position of the upper levels from the bandgap and the initial state of the system.
Studying the spontaneous emission of a V-type three-level atom embedded in a photonic crystal (PC) by fractional calculus, we found that the atomic excited states in the anisotropic PC can be expressed as a superposition of four dressed states analytically. Through detuning two allowed atomic transition energies with respect to the photonic band edge, the coupling between these two transitions leads to three dynamic regimes, namely non-Markovian decay, damped quantum interference and quantum interference, classified by the numbers of contributed bounded dressed states. From the degree of quantum interference of two atomic transitions, we found the energy exchange between the atom and PC reservoir is the lowest as the excited states become degenerate but with maximum quantum interference when the atom is prepared at one of the excited states. The results also show that excited states prefer to stay out of phase at all detuning energy except for near degenerate. Therefore, we can control the spontaneous emission rate not only by the amount of detuning frequencies but also the relative phase of initial states.
Abstract We investigate the quantum dynamics of two two-level atoms coupled to a one-dimensional resonator waveguide. Using the resolvent method, we obtain exact analytical solutions for the atomic evolution and photon scattering processes within the single-excitation subspace. The photonic band structure of the waveguide dictates distinctly different dynamical regimes. For atomic frequencies at the band center and small interatomic separation, the system exhibits Markovian decay and relaxes into a steady-state subradiant Bell entangled state. In contrast, near the band edge, non-Markovian dynamics dominates, leading to the formation of atom-photon bound states that mediate persistent, coherent interactions between the atoms. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the atomic detuning and separation provide effective control over singlephoton scattering, enabling a tunable quantum interface.
The entanglement dynamics of a V-type three-level atom and its radiation field near the band edge of a photonic crystal is investigated. It is shown that the entanglement dynamics experiences periodic oscillation behavior with a constant amplitude, and can be enhanced or reduced by the quantum interference between the two atomic transitions. These properties depend strongly on the relative position between the upper levels and the band edge, and on the initial state of the atom. There is a special position at which the time evolution of the entanglement changes from oscillating to constant in long time limits.
Abstract We consider the resonance interaction energy between two identical entangled atoms, where one is in the excited state and the other in the ground state. They interact with the quantum electromagnetic field in the vacuum state and are placed in a photonic-bandgap environment with a dispersion relation quadratic near the gap edge and linear for low frequencies, while the atomic transition frequency is assumed to be inside the photonic gap and near its lower edge. This problem is strictly related to the coherent resonant energy transfer between atoms in external environments. The analysis involves both an isotropic three-dimensional model and the one-dimensional case. The resonance interaction asymptotically decays faster with distance compared to the free-space case, specifically as 1/r2 compared to the 1/r free-space dependence in the three-dimensional case, and as 1/r compared to the oscillatory dependence in free space for the one-dimensional case. Nonetheless, the interaction energy remains significant and much stronger than dispersion interactions between atoms. On the other hand, spontaneous emission is strongly suppressed by the environment and the correlated state is thus preserved by the spontaneous-decay decoherence effects. We conclude that our configuration is suitable for observing the elusive quantum resonance interaction between entangled atoms.
The spontaneous emission from a V-type three-level atom embedded in an isotropic photonic crystal with dynamic photonic band edge is studied. We consider the situation where the atom interacts with all possible radiation modes, and calculate numerically the evolution of atomic population without using Markov approximation. The calculation method can be used in related researches. In the present paper, we mainly discuss the effects of modulation parameters and the quantum interference on spontaneous emission when the band edge is modulated with step function or triangle function. We hope that the results can contribute to the applications in the dynamic photonic crystal environment in controlling the spontaneous emission via the quantum interference. The results show that in the step-modulated situation, the number of the photon-atom bound dressed states after the modulation has happened depends on atomic transition frequencies and the band edge frequency at that time, and is identical to the one in the unmodulated situation with the same parameters. The long-time evolution of the atomic population is affected by the time when the modulation happens. Depending on the system initial state, after the modulation has happened, the quantum interference can weaken the probability amplitude components corresponding to the photon-atom bound dressed states, and cause the upper-level population to decay quickly from a great value to a value near zero; or on the contrary, it can strengthen the bound dressed states, and make the upper levels retain a high population. In the modulated situation with trigonometric functions, after long enough time, the total upper-level population presents a decaying quasi-periodic oscillation behaviour. And the evolution of the total upper-level population tends to synchronize with the modulation, so the frequency of the quasi-periodic oscillation is approximately equal to the modulation frequency. But, the quantum interference can destroy the synchronization under some conditions. The decay rate of the total upper-level population is affected by the modulation frequency, and also by the initial state of the system and the angle between two dipole moment because of the quantum interference.