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arXiv:2505.05743 · Physical Review A

Quantum teleportation in nonequilibrium environments and fixed-point fidelity

Xiaokun Yan, Zhihai Wang, Kun Zhang, Jin Wang

Published Aug 21, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum teleportation, a fundamental protocol in quantum information science, enables the transfer of quantum states through entangled particle pairs and classical communication channels. While ideal quantum teleportation requires maximally entangled states as resources, real-world implementations inevitably face environmental noise and decoherence effects. In this work, we investigate quantum teleportation in nonequilibrium environments with different temperatures or chemical potentials. We employ the Bloch-Redfield equation to characterize the nonequilibrium dynamics in both bosonic and fermionic reservoirs. Our analysis reveals that nonequilibrium conditions, namely, the temperature difference and chemical potential difference, can significantly enhance the teleportation fidelity beyond what is achievable in equilibrium scenarios. Notably, under certain nonequilibrium conditions, the fidelities for all input states converge to the same value. We term this behavior the teleportation with a fixed-point fidelity. Importantly, at this fixed point, fidelity can be further enhanced by tuning the nonequilibrium parameters. These findings offer crucial insights for the implementation of quantum communication protocols in realistic environments, demonstrating that nonequilibrium conditions not only improve the fidelity but also present a promising avenue for simplifying practical quantum teleportation schemes.

DOI
10.1103/mfn6-bndl

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This paper establishes a comprehensive statistical framework for analyzing quantum teleportation protocols under realistic noisy conditions. We develop novel mathematical tools to characterize the complete statistical distribution of teleportation fidelity, including both mean and variance, for systems experiencing decoherence and channel imperfections. Our analysis demonstrates that the teleportation fidelity follows a characteristic distribution F∼P(Favg,ΔF2) where the variance ΔF2 depends crucially on entanglement quality and channel noise. We derive the optimal resource allocation condition ∂Eent/∂F/∂Cclassical/∂F=β/α that minimizes total resource consumption while achieving target fidelity. Furthermore, we introduce a Bayesian adaptive protocol that enhances robustness against noise through real-time statistical estimation. The theoretical framework is validated through numerical simulations and provides practical guidance for experimental implementations in quantum communication networks.
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Quantum teleportation, a cornerstone of quantum information science, enables the transfer of an unknown quantum state from one location to another without physically moving the state itself. Its efficacy is primarily quantified by fidelity, a measure of how closely the teleported state resembles the original. Achieving high-fidelity teleportation is paramount for practical applications in quantum communication and computation. This paper explores the intricate relationship between non-locality, the no-cloning theorem, and the pursuit of high-fidelity quantum teleportation. We introduce the concept of "unclonable non-locality" to describe scenarios where the inherent non-local correlations of entangled states are leveraged in a manner that inherently resists illicit copying, thereby enhancing the integrity and security of the teleportation process. We review current state-of-the-art teleportation protocols, analyzing their fidelity limitations and the impact of various noise models, such as those arising from Bell-diagonal resource states and local amplitude-damping channels. Our framework emphasizes that protocols exhibiting identical average fidelities can conceal distinct statistical behaviors and asymmetries introduced by local noise, stressing the need for a comprehensive statistical assessment beyond simple average fidelity. We propose methods for constructing and utilizing entangled resources that maximize non-local correlations while inherently enforcing the no-cloning principle, thereby offering a robust pathway to deterministic, high-fidelity quantum state transfer. The discussion highlights the potential for designing tailored teleportation benchmarks based on prior importance functions, unifying moment-based criteria and threshold-based success probabilities into a single figure of merit, and clarifying the role of entanglement strength in certifying high-fidelity teleportation. We also acknowledge the ethical implications associated with the development of powerful quantum technologies that could have significant societal impacts.
In the domain of quantum communication, quantum teleportation (QT) emerges as a pivotal protocol, enabling the transmission of quantum states across significant distances. However, the ubiquitous presence of quantum noise inevitably affects this process, causing deviations in the teleported state from its intended configuration. This study proposes an innovative approach to mitigate noise error (bit-flip and phase-flip) and within quantum channels. The method involves implementing quantum gates between communicating parties, effectively diminishing the impact of these noise types on the entangled channel and enhancing QT efficacy in noise-prone environments. Experimental results demonstrate that noisy channel has low-fidelity 16.67% in bit flip noise and 68.60% in phase flip noise. The proposed noise mitigation quantum circuit attained the 100% fidelity.
Abstract Quantum teleportation as the key strategy for quantum communication requires pure maximally shared entangled states among quantum nodes. In practice, quantum decoherence drastically degrades the shared entanglement during entanglement distribution, which is a serious challenge for the development of quantum networks. However, most of the decoherence control strategies proposed thus far are either resource-intensive or time-consuming. To overcome this obstacle, we enable noise-resistant teleportation through a noisy channel with a limited number of qubits and without applying time-consuming weak measurements. We apply a quantum gate control unit consisting of a controlled NOT gate and a rotation gate after the original teleportation protocol is accomplished. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a teleportation fidelity of unity is attainable when environment-assisted measurement is added to the proposed teleportation protocol via quantum gates. Moreover, we present an entanglement distribution process by employing the designed quantum gate control unit followed by the deterministic standard teleportation protocol to improve teleportation fidelity by establishing improved shared entanglement. Our performance analysis indicates that the proposed teleportation schemes offer a competitive fidelity and success probability compared with the conventional schemes and a recent weak measurement-based teleportation protocol.