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arXiv:2504.16709 · Quantum Information Processing

Resource reduction in multiparty quantum secret sharing of both classical and quantum information under noisy scenario

Nirupam Basak, Goutam Paul

Published Apr 6, 2026• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s11128-026-05097-1

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2025•2 citations
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) ensures secure information distribution among multiple parties but is vulnerable to noise. We analyze the effects of bit-flip, phase-flip, and amplitudedamping noise on the multiparty QSS for classical message protocol proposed by Zhang et al. (Phys. Rev. A, 71:044301, 2005) and propose an efficient quantum error correction (QEC) implementation using a simplified Shor's code. By exploiting the particular structure of the QSS, we reduce the resource requirements from the default 9 qubits of Shor's code to as small as 3 qubits and still achieve a lower average error rate. Simulation results confirm that QEC enhances the protocol's robustness, making it more practical for real-world applications.
Quantum secret sharing (QSS), as a quantum extension of classical secret sharing, uses the basic principles of quantum mechanics to share information safely among multiple parties, providing a new paradigm for information security. As a key foundation for secure multiparty quantum communication and distributed quantum computing, QSS has attracted considerable attention since its emergence. Currently, research in this field includes both classical and quantum scenarios, and continuous progress has been made in both theoretical and experimental aspects. This paper first reviews the current development of QSS for classical information. In this regard, significant and parallel progress has been made in both discrete-variable QSS and continuous-variable QSS. The QSS protocols for sharing classical information, from entangled states to single photons and then to coherent light, have been continuously optimized to better utilize available resources and achieve more efficient implementation under current technological conditions. Meanwhile, round-robin, measurement-device-independent, and other protocols have been steadily improving the security of QSS. Next, one will focus on QSS scheme for quantum secrets, which begins with the symmetry of access structures and introduces basic (k, n) threshold protocols, dynamic schemes that support adaptive agent groups, and symmetric quantum information splitting through entanglement. It further introduces hierarchical quantum secret sharing schemes for asymmetric splitting of quantum information. Considering practical laboratory conditions of quantum states as resources, an overall discussion is conducted on quantum secret sharing with graph states. Afterwards, the design of a continuous-variable scheme for quantum secret sharing is outlined, and entanglement state sharing and quantum teleportation between multiple senders and receivers are introduced. Finally, this review discusses and outlines the future development directions of QSS, thereby inspiring readers to further study and explore the relevant subjects.