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arXiv:2504.08311 · Few-Body Systems

On the SUSY Structure of Spherically Symmetric Pauli Hamiltonians

Georg Junker

Published May 18, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract It is shown that the quantum Hamiltonian characterising a non-relativistic electron under the influence of an external spherical symmetric electromagnetic potential exhibits a supersymmetric structure. Both cases, spherical symmetric scalar potentials and spherical symmetric vector potentials are discussed in detail. The current approach, which includes the spin- $$\frac{1}{2}$$ 1 2 degree of freedom, provides new insights to known models like the radial harmonic oscillator and the Coulomb problem. We also find a few new exactly solvable models, one of them exhibiting a new mixed type of shape invariance containing translation and scaling of potential parameters. The fundamental role as Witten parity played by the spin-orbit operator is high-lighted.

DOI
10.1007/s00601-025-01994-w

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We consider a quantum system on the real line obeying a deformed Heisenberg algebra originally proposed by Wigner in 1950. Its explicit coordinate representation was provided by Yang in 1951 and in essence is identical in form with Dunkl's difference-differential operator introduced in 1989 in connection with roots systems of refection groups. Under certain conditions such quantum systems exhibit a supersymmetric (SUSY) structure where the reflection operator acts as the grading operator. We present a generalisation of Yang's representation by first considering only of one the two equations of motion in phase space. The corresponding non-interacting system is found to represent Witten's model of SUSY quantum mechanics. Imposing also the second equation of motion the original result of Wigner and Yang is reconsidered by extending their discussion to general symmetric potentials on the real line. As explicit example we discuss the harmonic oscillator and an attractive Coulomb-like potential V(x)=−γ/∣x∣V(x)=-γ/|x|V(x)=−γ/∣x∣. We also establish a Hooke-Newton duality between this Coulomb-like system and the original Wigner-Yang harmonic oscillator system.
A spin 12\frac 1221​ relativistic particle described by a general potential in terms of the sum of the Coulomb potential with a Lorentz scalar potential is investigated via supersymmetry in quantum mechanics.