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Open Physics

SUSY partners for spin-1/2 systems in nonrelativistic limits

Daniel Sabi Takou, Gabriel Y. H. Avossevou, Basile Bruno Kounouhewa

Published Feb 4, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we use some well-known techniques of Supersymmetric QuantumMechanics (SUSYQM) namely the factorization method and shape invariance, to generate new analytically solvable potentials from some interacting fermionic models in nonrelativistic limits. These systems are described by the ordinary and the harmonically trapped Schrödinger-Pauli particle models and the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian, this latter being set in its nonrelativistic limits. The spectrum for each of these models is obtained in a simple and transparent way. We then generate new solvable potentials that describe interactions between electromagnetic field and matter, paying due attention to the subtleties inherent in the application of SUSY to higher dimensional problems. SUSY breaking problems related to the partner singularities are dicussed along with the paper.

DOI
10.1515/phys-2015-0021

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Abstract In this paper, we use some well-known techniques of Supersymmetric QuantumMechanics (SUSYQM) namely the factorization method and shape invariance, to generate new analytically solvable potentials from some interacting fermionic models in nonrelativistic limits. These systems are described by the ordinary and the harmonically trapped Schrödinger-Pauli particle models and the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian, this latter being set in its nonrelativistic limits. The spectrum for each of these models is obtained in a simple and transparent way. We then generate new solvable potentials that describe interactions between electromagnetic field and matter, paying due attention to the subtleties inherent in the application of SUSY to higher dimensional problems. SUSY breaking problems related to the partner singularities are dicussed along with the paper.
This undergraduate thesis contains one dimensional introductory treatment of Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics (SUSY QM). The factorisation method is used to obtain Partner Hamiltonians, and the notions of partner potentials and superpotential are introduced. It demonstrated how energy spectra and eigenfunctions of partner potentials can be correlated for the cases of unbroken and broken supersymmetry. Generalisations of these cases attributed to Sets of Hamiltonians and shape invariant potentials are introduced. The devel oped formalisation is used to obtain energy eigenfunctions and spectra of partner potentials of some well-known quantum systems, namely the Infinite Square Well and the Free Particle. In these systems, the partner potentials are trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, respectively. A comparison of these two physically distinct but mathematically related partner potentials is provided. A new philosophical interpretation of SUSY QM is introduced, with an ontological discussion of supersymmetric notions and SUSY QM. The current observation problem of SUSY is discussed, and on that basis, two opposing arguments are presented. The method of Falsification by Karl Popper is briefly introduced, and an argument is produced regarding its application to SUSY.
Relations between propagators and Green functions of Hamiltonians which are SUSY partners have been obtained. New exact propagators for the family of multi-well, time-dependent and non-hermitian potentials have been calculated. Non-conservative SUSY transformation has been studied in the case of multichannel Schrodinger equation with different thresholds. Spectrum (bound/virtual states and resonances) of the non-conservative SUSY partner of zero potential has been founded. Exactly solvable model of the magnetic induced Feshbach resonance has been constructed. This model was tested in the case of Rb85^{85}85. Conservative SUSY transformations of the first and the second order have been studied in the case of multichannel Schrodinger equation with equal thresholds. Transformations which introduce non-trivial coupling between scattering channels have been founded. The first order SUSY transformation which preserves SSS-matrix eigen-phase shifts and modifies mixing parameter has been founded in the case of two channel scattering with partial waves of different parities. In the case of coinciding parities we have found the second order SUSY transformation which preserves SSS-matrix eigen-phase shifts and modifies mixing parameter. Phenomenological two channel 3S1−3D1^3S_1-^3D_13S1​−3D1​ neutron-proton potential has been obtained by using single channel, phase equivalent and coupling SUSY transformations applied to zero potential.
We review supersymmetry (SUSY) in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics emphasizing algebraic aspects.We discuss the Hamiltonian subgroup implementing supersymmetry as well as the corresponding algebra of the SUSY generators.In the SUSYQM framework, the two distinct partner potentials are connected by a superpotential satisfying a Riccati differential equation.A full Hamiltonian operator in an extended Hilbert space is defined in order to render the supersymmetry manifest.As a result, the eigenfunctions of the original potentials are connected by generalized ladder operators.We provide an explicit realization of the abstract supersymmetry group for SUSYQM depending on one real and two Grassmann parameters.
A spin 12\frac 1221​ relativistic particle described by a general potential in terms of the sum of the Coulomb potential with a Lorentz scalar potential is investigated via supersymmetry in quantum mechanics.
We give a systematic construction of new quasi-exactly solvable systems via Bethe ansatz and supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM). Methods based on the intertwining of supercharges have been extensively used in the literature for exactly solvable systems. We generalize the state-deleting (Krein-Adler) supersymmetric transformations to quasi-exactly exactly solvable (QES) systems building on the Bethe ansatz method and related Bethe roots. This enables us to construct superpartners for a wide class of known QES systems classified previously through a hidden sl(2)sl(2)sl(2) algebra. We present our constructions of factorizations and intertwining relations related to 1st-order SUSYQM and the n=1n=1n=1 state for 10 nonequivalent types, denoted I,...,X. In order to have a unified treatment we rely on their ODE standard form as this is also the appropriate setting to obtain the Bethe ansatz equations which constrain the polynomial solutions. This setting also allows one to deal with systems with nnn states in a unified manner, using analysis based on the Bethe ansatz equations to build the supersymmetric transformations in terms of the Bethe ansatz roots. We derive the Schrödinger potentials for the n=1n=1n=1 superpartners of the 10 QES cases and give closed-form solutions for the spectra and wavefunctions of the corresponding QES SUSYQM systems. Furthermore, we present numerical results for higher excited states up to the n=10n=10n=10 level. The results obtained may have wider applicability as our framework is built on ODEs with polynomial coefficients.
Supersymmetry (SUSY) postulates that for every fermion there is boson of equal mass (i.e. energy). In quantum mechanics this comes about because for every quantum Hamiltonian there is a partner Hamiltonian that has the same energy spectrum above the ground state of the original system. In particle physics, one “sector” is populated by bosons and the other sector by fermions and SUSY predicts that the lowest lying fermion state is energetically degenerate with the first excited boson state. Evidence for SUSY has proven to be elusive and it is now believed that SUSY is a broken symmetry. In January 2009 at a conference dedicated to Bob Wyatt, we began to look at SUSY as a way to develop new computational methods and approaches. Up until now, SUSY has been more of a mathematical technique that has been used more or less as a way to obtain stationary solutions to the Schrödinger equation for a variety of T&F Cat # K11224, Chapter 4, Page 54, 15-9-2010 one-dimensional potential systems. In this chapter, we will discuss some of the work we have been doing in developing “SUSY” inspired methods for performing quantum many-body calculations and quantum scattering calculations. We begin with a brief overview of the SUSY theory and some of its elementary results. We then discuss how we have used the approach to develop both analytical and numerical solutions of the stationary Schrödinger equation. Finally, we conclude by discussing our recent extension of SUSY to higher dimensions and for scattering theory.