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arXiv:2504.02173 · Scientific Reports

Statistical control of relaxation and synchronization in open anyonic systems

Eric R. Bittner, Bhavay Tyagi

Published Dec 2, 2025• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum statistics dictate how particles exchange and correlate-but in two-dimensional systems, these rules extend beyond bosons and fermions to anyons, quasiparticles with continuously tunable exchange phases. Here, we develop a Lindblad framework for anyonic oscillators and show that fractional statistics enable statistical control of decoherence in open quantum systems. By varying the anyonic phase and environmental correlations, we demonstrate tunable mode protection, identify exceptional points in the dissipative spectrum, and reveal temperature-dependent coherence bifurcations. We also demonstrate that signatures of the statistical phase should also be manifest in 2D coherent spectroscopic probes of these systems. These results establish the exchange phase as a functional control parameter for engineering dissipation-resilient quantum states.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-025-30355-0

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Quantum statistics dictate how particles exchange and correlate-but in two-dimensional systems, these rules extend beyond bosons and fermions to anyons, quasiparticles with continuously tunable exchange phases. Here, we develop a Lindblad framework for anyonic oscillators and show that fractional statistics enable statistical control of decoherence in open quantum systems. By varying the anyonic phase and environmental correlations, we demonstrate tunable mode protection, identify exceptional points in the dissipative spectrum, and reveal temperature-dependent coherence bifurcations. We also demonstrate that signatures of the statistical phase should also be manifest in 2D coherent spectroscopic probes of these systems. These results establish the exchange phase as a functional control parameter for engineering dissipation-resilient quantum states.
We develop a stochastic framework for anyonic systems in which the exchange phase is promoted from a fixed parameter to a fluctuating quantity. Starting from the Stratonovich stochastic Liouville equation, we perform the Stratonovich--Itô conversion to obtain a Lindblad master equation that ties the dissipator directly to the distorted anyon algebra. This construction produces a statistics--dependent dephasing channel, with rates determined by the eigenstructure of the real symmetric correlation matrix DabD_{ab}Dab​. The eigenvectors of DDD select which collective exchange currents -- equivalently, which irreducible representations of the system -- are protected from stochastic dephasing, providing a natural mechanism for decoherence-free subspaces and noise-induced exceptional points. The key result of our analysis is the universality of the optimal statistical angle: in the minimal two-site model with balanced gain and loss, the protected mode always minimizes its dephasing at θ⋆=π/2θ^\star = π/2θ⋆=π/2, independent of the specific form of DDD. This robustness highlights a simple design rule for optimizing coherence in noisy anyonic systems, with direct implications for ultracold atomic realizations and other emerging platforms for fractional statistics.
We develop a stochastic framework for anyonic systems in which the exchange phase is promoted from a fixed parameter to a fluctuating quantity. Starting from the Stratonovich stochastic Liouville equation, we perform the Stratonovich–Itô conversion to obtain a Lindblad master equation that ties the dissipator directly to the distorted anyon algebra. This construction produces a statistics–dependent dephasing channel, with rates determined by the eigenstructure of the real symmetric correlation matrix DabD_{ab}Dab​. The eigenvectors of DDD select which collective exchange currents—equivalently, which irreducible representations of the system—are protected from stochastic dephasing, providing a natural mechanism for decoherence-free subspaces and noise-induced exceptional points. The key result of our analysis is the universality of the optimal statistical angle: in the minimal two-site model with balanced gain and loss, the protected mode always minimizes its dephasing at θ⋆=π/2\theta^{\star} = {\pi/2}θ⋆=π/2, independent of the specific form of DDD. This robustness highlights a simple design rule for optimizing coherence in noisy anyonic systems, with direct implications for ultracold atomic realizations and other emerging platforms for fractional statistics.
We develop a stochastic framework for anyonic systems in which the exchange phase is promoted from a fixed parameter to a fluctuating quantity. Starting from the Stratonovich stochastic Liouville equation, we perform the Stratonovich-Itô conversion to obtain a Lindblad master equation that ties the dissipator directly to the distorted anyon algebra. This construction produces a statistics-dependent dephasing channel, with rates determined by the eigenstructure of the real-symmetric correlation matrix Ξ. The eigenvectors of Ξ select which collective exchange currents-equivalently, which irreducible representations of the system-are protected from stochastic dephasing, providing a natural mechanism for decoherence-free subspaces and noise-induced exceptional points. The key result of our analysis is the universality of the optimal statistical angle: in the minimal two-site model with balanced gain and loss, the protected mode always minimizes its dephasing at θ⋆=π/2, independent of the specific form of Ξ. This robustness highlights a simple design rule for optimizing coherence in noisy anyonic systems, with direct implications for ultracold atomic realizations and other emerging platforms for fractional statistics.
Anyons are quasiparticles with quantum statistics interpolating between those of bosons and fermions. Two distinct manifestations of anyonic behaviour have been theoretically established: fractional exchange statistics where particle exchange can produce any phase, and generalized exclusion statistics which extends the Pauli exclusion principle. While anyons exhibiting fractional exchange statistics have been observed in diverse platforms, experimental realizations of generalized exclusion statistics and direct measurements of its thermodynamic signatures have remained elusive. Here, we realize an anyonic thermodynamic ensemble obeying generalized exclusion statistics and detect its anyonic thermodynamics in a one-dimensional strongly interacting quantum gas. To achieve this, we exploit the bijective mapping between dynamical and statistical interactions in one dimension. By tuning interaction strength and temperature over a wide range, we measure the equation of state and identify clear departures from Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics. These deviations are quantitatively captured by generalized exclusion statistics, providing direct evidence for the generalized Pauli principle. Independent probes of other thermodynamic quantities including pressure and the Tan contact further validate this framework. Our results establish a versatile platform for engineering anyonic exclusion statistics and open the door to thermodynamic applications of anyons in quantum technologies.
Identifying experimental signatures of anyons, which exhibit fractional exchange statistics, remains a central challenge in the study of two-dimensional topologically ordered systems. Previous theoretical work has shown that the threshold behavior in linear response spectroscopy can reveal the fractional exchange statistics between an anyon and its antiparticle. In this work, we extend this framework to nonlinear, two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. We demonstrate by analyzing time-ordered four-point correlation functions that the threshold behavior of nonlinear response functions encodes the fractional statistics between general pairs of anyons that can combine to any composite topological charge. This feature in particular provides a powerful probe for unambiguously distinguishing non-Abelian anyons, which can form multiple composite charges with distinct nontrivial braid statistics. Our approach is validated using numerical simulations that are consistent with the correct fractional exchange statistics for both the Abelian anyons in the toric code and non-Abelian Ising anyons.
We study the behavior of linear and nonlinear spectroscopic quantities in two-dimensional topologically ordered systems, which host anyonic excitations exhibiting fractional statistics. We highlight the role that braiding phases between anyons have on the dynamics of such quasiparticles, which as we show dictates the behavior of both linear response coefficients at finite temperatures, as well as nonlinear pump-probe response coefficients. These quantities, which act as probes of temporal correlations in the system, are shown to obey distinctive universal forms at sufficiently long timescales. As well as providing an experimentally measurable fingerprint of anyonic statistics, the universal behavior that we find also demonstrates anomalously fast thermal relaxation: correlation functions decay as a “squished exponential” C ( t ) ∼ exp ( − [ t / τ ] 3 / 2 ) at long times. We attribute this unusual asymptotic form to the nonlocal nature of interactions between anyons, which allows relaxation to occur much faster than in systems with quasiparticles interacting via local, nonstatistical interactions. While our results apply to any Abelian or non-Abelian topological phase in two-dimensions, we discuss in particular the implications for candidate quantum spin liquid materials, wherein the relevant quantities can be measured using pre-existing time-resolved terahertz-domain spectroscopic techniques. Published by the American Physical Society 2024