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arXiv:2502.05688

Information geometry of entangled states induced by noncommutative deformation of phase space

Shilpa Nandi, Pinaki Patra

Published Feb 8, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this paper, we revisit the notion of quantum entanglement induced by the deformation of phase-space through noncommutative space (NC) parameters. The geometric structure of the state space for Gaussian states in NC-space is illustrated through information geometry approach. We parametrize the phase-space distributions by their covariances and utilize the Fisher-Rao metric to construct the statistical manifold associated with quantum states. We describe the notion of the Robertson-Scrödinger uncertainty principle (RSUP) and positive partial transpose (PPT) conditions for allowed quantum states and separable states, respectively, for NC-space. RSUP and PPT provide the restrictions on all allowed states and separable states, respectively. This enables us to estimate the relative volumes of set of separable states and entangled states. Numerical estimations are provided for a toy model of a bipartite Gaussian state. We restrict our study to such bipartite Gaussian states, for which the entanglement is induced by the noncommutative phase-space parameters.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2502.05688

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In this paper, we revisit the notion of quantum entanglement induced by the deformation of phase-space through noncommutative space (NC) parameters. The geometric structure of the state space for Gaussian states in NC-space is illustrated through information geometry approach. We parametrize the phase-space distributions by their covariances and utilize the Fisher-Rao metric to construct the statistical manifold associated with quantum states. We describe the notion of the Robertson-Scrödinger uncertainty principle (RSUP) and positive partial transpose (PPT) conditions for allowed quantum states and separable states, respectively, for NC-space. RSUP and PPT provide the restrictions on all allowed states and separable states, respectively. This enables us to estimate the relative volumes of set of separable states and entangled states. Numerical estimations are provided for a toy model of a bipartite Gaussian state. We restrict our study to such bipartite Gaussian states, for which the entanglement is induced by the noncommutative phase-space parameters.
Most quantum gravity theories propose that the fundamental concept of space-time is mostly compatible with quantum theory in noncommutative (NC) space. In the present paper, we revisit the notion of entanglement induced by NC deformations of phase space. The positive partial transpose (PPT) criterion for separability of bipartite Gaussian states is extended to a general class of Bopp's shift. In particular, we have considered both the position-position and momentum-momentum noncommutativity, with deformation parameters θθθ and ηηη, respectively. It turns out that θθθ and ηηη induce the entanglement. We have directly applied the formalism for an anisotropic two-dimensional harmonic oscillator. Peres-Horodecki separability condition leads to a constraint equation for the parameter values of the oscillator in NC space. It turns out that the bipartite Gaussian state is almost always entangled in deformed space. To implement the theoretical idea, we provide an outline for a gedankenexperiment to identify the signature of phase-space noncommutativity, i.e., quantum gravity. In particular, the gedankenexperiment is devised to test the separability of supposedly separable Gaussian states in the usual commutative space, through the covariance matrix, which is constructed via measured output photocurrents after interaction of input Gaussian states and reference states. If the experiment shows that the supposedly separable states are actually entangled, then the entanglement is created through the intermediate background noncommutative space, which is a signature of the quantum nature of gravity.
The Fisher-Rao (FR) information matrix is a central object in multiparameter quantum estimation theory. The geometry of a quantum state can be envisaged through the Riemannian manifold generated by the FR-metric corresponding to the quantum state. Interestingly, any congruence transformation GL(2n,R)GL(2n,\mathbb{R})GL(2n,R) in phase space leaves the FR-distance for Gaussian states invariant. In the present paper, we investigate whether this isometry affects the entanglement in the bipartite system. It turns out that the entanglement-generating congruent transformation depends upon the system and the symplectic structure of phase-space. To make our study relevant to physical systems, we choose Bopp's shift in phase space as an example of GL(2n,R)GL(2n,\mathbb{R})GL(2n,R), so that the results can be interpreted in terms of noncommutative (NC) phase-space deformation. We provide a quantitative estimation for the dependence of symplectic eigenvalues on the deformation parameters and explain the induced entanglement through phase-space deformation. The coexistence of FR-isometry with deformation-dependent entanglement demonstrates that statistical distinguishability and quantum correlations constitute complementary aspects of the geometry of Gaussian quantum systems. With the help of toy models of oscillators in NC-space, we illustrate our results quantitatively.
Quantumness and separability criteria for continuous variable systems are discussed for the case of a noncommutative (NC) phase-space. In particular, the quantum nature and the entanglement configuration of NC two-mode Gaussian states are examined. Two families of covariance matrices describing standard quantum mechanics (QM) separable states are deformed into a NC QM configuration and then investigated through the positive partial transpose criterium for identifying quantum entanglement. It is shown that the entanglement of Gaussian states may be exclusively induced by switching on the NC deformation. Extensions of some preliminary results are presented.
We explore the effect of two-dimensional position-space noncommutativity on the bipartite entanglement of continuous-variable systems. We first extend the standard symplectic framework for studying entanglement of Gaussian states of commutative systems to the case of noncommutative systems residing in two dimensions. Using the positive partial transpose criterion for separability of bipartite states, we derive a condition on the separability of a noncommutative system that is dependent on the noncommutative parameter $\ensuremath{\theta}$. We then consider the specific example of a bipartite Gaussian state and show the quantitative reduction in entanglement originating from noncommutative dynamics. We show that such a reduction in entanglement for a noncommutative system arising from the modification of the variances of the phase-space variables (uncertainty relations) is clearly manifested between two particles that are separated by small distances.