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arXiv:1305.5792 · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields

Entanglement due to noncommutativity in phase space

Catarina Bastos, Alex E. Bernardini, Orfeu Bertolami A, Nuno Costa Dias, João Nuno Prata

Published Oct 10, 2013• 37 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The entanglement criterion for continuous variable systems and the conditions under which the uncertainty relations are fulfilled are generalized to the case of a noncommutative phase space. The quantum nature and the separability of noncommutative two-mode Gaussian states are examined. It is shown that the entanglement of Gaussian states may be exclusively induced by switching on the noncommutative deformation.

DOI
10.1103/physrevd.88.085013

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The entanglement criterion for continuous variable systems and the conditions under which the uncertainty relations are fulfilled are generalized to the case of a noncommutative phase space. The quantum nature and the separability of noncommutative two-mode Gaussian states are examined. It is shown that the entanglement of Gaussian states may be exclusively induced by switching on the noncommutative deformation.
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Most quantum gravity theories propose that the fundamental concept of space-time is mostly compatible with quantum theory in noncommutative (NC) space. In the present paper, we revisit the notion of entanglement induced by NC deformations of phase space. The positive partial transpose (PPT) criterion for separability of bipartite Gaussian states is extended to a general class of Bopp's shift. In particular, we have considered both the position-position and momentum-momentum noncommutativity, with deformation parameters θθθ and ηηη, respectively. It turns out that θθθ and ηηη induce the entanglement. We have directly applied the formalism for an anisotropic two-dimensional harmonic oscillator. Peres-Horodecki separability condition leads to a constraint equation for the parameter values of the oscillator in NC space. It turns out that the bipartite Gaussian state is almost always entangled in deformed space. To implement the theoretical idea, we provide an outline for a gedankenexperiment to identify the signature of phase-space noncommutativity, i.e., quantum gravity. In particular, the gedankenexperiment is devised to test the separability of supposedly separable Gaussian states in the usual commutative space, through the covariance matrix, which is constructed via measured output photocurrents after interaction of input Gaussian states and reference states. If the experiment shows that the supposedly separable states are actually entangled, then the entanglement is created through the intermediate background noncommutative space, which is a signature of the quantum nature of gravity.
In this paper, we revisit the notion of quantum entanglement induced by the deformation of phase-space through noncommutative space (NC) parameters. The geometric structure of the state space for Gaussian states in NC-space is illustrated through information geometry approach. We parametrize the phase-space distributions by their covariances and utilize the Fisher-Rao metric to construct the statistical manifold associated with quantum states. We describe the notion of the Robertson-Scrödinger uncertainty principle (RSUP) and positive partial transpose (PPT) conditions for allowed quantum states and separable states, respectively, for NC-space. RSUP and PPT provide the restrictions on all allowed states and separable states, respectively. This enables us to estimate the relative volumes of set of separable states and entangled states. Numerical estimations are provided for a toy model of a bipartite Gaussian state. We restrict our study to such bipartite Gaussian states, for which the entanglement is induced by the noncommutative phase-space parameters.
In this paper, we investigate the quantum entanglement induced by phase-space noncommutativity. Both the position–position and momentum–momentum noncommutativity are incorporated to study the entanglement properties of coordinate and momentum degrees of freedom under the shade of oscillators in noncommutative space. Exact solutions for the systems are obtained after the model is re-expressed in terms of canonical variables, by performing a particular Bopp’s shift to the noncommuting degrees of freedom. It is shown that the bipartite Gaussian state for an isotropic oscillator is always separable. To extend our study for the time-dependent system, we allow arbitrary time dependency on parameters. The time-dependent isotropic oscillator is solved with the Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant method. It turns out that even for arbitrary time-dependent scenarios, the separability property does not alter. We extend our study to the anisotropic oscillator, which provides an entangled state even for time-independent parameters. The Wigner quasi-probability distribution is constructed for a bipartite Gaussian state. The noise matrix (covariance matrix) is explicitly studied with the help of Wigner distribution. Simon’s separability criterion (generalized Peres–Horodecki criterion) has been employed to find the unique function of the (mass and frequency) parameters, for which the bipartite states are separable. In particular, we show that the mere inclusion of non-commutativity of phase-space is not sufficient to generate the entanglement, rather anisotropy is important at the same footing. We explore the experimental viability of our result through the computation of extractable work for the current situation.
Entanglement for continuous variable states opens up an avenue for experimental utilization of the entanglement properties of quantum physics very easily. Non- Gaussian continuous variable state improves the efficiency and robustness of a quantum teleportation and communication. Thus, it is important to understand the entanglement properties of non-Gaussian states. For a class of non-Gaussian continuous variable states, we derive a general criterion for SU(2) operators which incidentally coincides with the work of Agarwal and Biswas and another entanglement criteria for SU(1,1) operators for a two-mode non-Gaussian state using uncertainty relation and Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.