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arXiv:2501.09505 · Physical Review Applied

Transfer learning of many-body electronic correlation entropy from local measurements

Faluke Aikebaier, Teemu Ojanen, José Luis Lado

Published Oct 10, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Characterizing quantum correlations in many-body systems is essential for understanding emergent phenomena in quantum materials. The correlation entropy serves as a key metric for assessing the complexity of a quantum many-body state in interacting electronic systems. However, its determination requires the measurement of all single-particle correlators across a macroscopic sample, which can be impractical. Machine learning methods have been shown to enable the correlation entropy to be learned from a reduced set of measurements, yet these methods assume that the targeted system is contained in the set of training Hamiltonians. Here we show that a transfer learning strategy enables correlation entropy learning from a reduced set of measurements in variants of Hamiltonians never considered in the training set. We demonstrate this transfer learning methodology in a wide variety of interacting models, including local and nonlocal attractive and repulsive many-body interactions, long-range hopping, doping, magnetic field, and spin-orbit coupling. Furthermore, we show that this transfer learning methodology enables the detection of phases in quantum many-body systems beyond those present in the training set. Our results demonstrate that correlation entropy learning can be performed experimentally without requiring training in the experimentally realized Hamiltonian.

DOI
10.1103/st7y-4qgl

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Characterizing quantum correlations in many-body systems is essential for understanding emergent phenomena in quantum materials. The correlation entropy serves as a key metric for assessing the complexity of a quantum many-body state in interacting electronic systems. However, its determination requires the measurement of all single-particle correlators across a macroscopic sample, which can be impractical. Machine learning methods have been shown to enable the correlation entropy to be learned from a reduced set of measurements, yet these methods assume that the targeted system is contained in the set of training Hamiltonians. Here we show that a transfer learning strategy enables correlation entropy learning from a reduced set of measurements in variants of Hamiltonians never considered in the training set. We demonstrate this transfer learning methodology in a wide variety of interacting models, including local and nonlocal attractive and repulsive many-body interactions, long-range hopping, doping, magnetic field, and spin-orbit coupling. Furthermore, we show that this transfer learning methodology enables the detection of phases in quantum many-body systems beyond those present in the training set. Our results demonstrate that correlation entropy learning can be performed experimentally without requiring training in the experimentally realized Hamiltonian.
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The characterization of many-body correlations provides a powerful tool for analyzing correlated quantum materials. However, experimental extraction of quantum entanglement in correlated electronic systems remains an open problem in practice. In particular, the correlation entropy quantifies the strength of quantum correlations in interacting electronic systems, yet it requires measuring all the single-particle correlators of a macroscopic sample. To circumvent this bottleneck, we introduce a strategy to obtain the correlation entropy of electronic systems solely from a set of local measurements. We show that, by combining local particle-particle and density-density correlations with a neural-network algorithm, the correlation entropy can be predicted accurately. Specifically, we show that for a generalized interacting fermionic model, our algorithm yields an accurate prediction of the correlation entropy from a set of noisy local correlators. Our work shows that the correlation entropy in interacting electron systems can be reconstructed from local measurements, providing a starting point to experimentally extract many-body correlations with local probes.
Identifying phase boundaries of interacting systems is one of the key steps to understanding quantum many-body models. The development of various numerical and analytical methods has allowed exploring the phase diagrams of many Hermitian interacting systems. However, numerical challenges and scarcity of analytical solutions hinder obtaining phase boundaries in non-Hermitian many-body models. Recent machine learning methods have emerged as a potential strategy to learn phase boundaries from various observables without having access to the full many-body wavefunction. Here, we show that a machine learning methodology trained solely on Hermitian correlation functions allows identifying phase boundaries of non-Hermitian interacting models. These results demonstrate that Hermitian machine learning algorithms can be redeployed to non-Hermitian models without requiring further training to reveal non-Hermitian phase diagrams. Our findings establish transfer learning as a versatile strategy to leverage Hermitian physics to machine learning non-Hermitian phenomena.
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In this thesis, the properties of the interacting non-Hermitian Aubry–André–Harper (AAH) model are investigated using a many-body tight binding method. The non-Hermitian AAH model possesses a localization transition and exceptional points, both of which are inherited in the interacting model Correlation entropy is a powerful tool for characterizing fermionic many-body interactions, and for the AAH model, the exceptional points appear as peaks in the correlation entropy-- a result which is shown to be distinct from the behavior of the interacting Hermitian AAH model. However, measuring the correlation entropy is experimentally challenging as it requires knowledge of all particle--particle correlators, a task that becomes impractical in the thermodynamic limit. In addition, these correlators are complex-valued and cannot be directly measured. Nevertheless, machine learning can be used to extract the correlation entropy from a reduced set of inputs using the related and real-valued local density--density correlators. This study elucidates the relationship between exceptional points and correlation entropy, extends the applicability of correlation entropy to non-Hermitian systems, and provides a machine learning algorithm to predict the correlation entropy using only real-valued quantities.
The characterizing feature of a many-body localized phase is the existence of an extensive set of quasi-local conserved quantities with an exponentially localized support. This structure endows the system with the signature logarithmic in time entanglement growth between spatial partitions. This feature differentiates the phase from Anderson localization, in a non-interacting model. Experimentally measuring the entanglement between large partitions of an interacting many-body system requires highly non-local measurements which are currently beyond the reach of experimental technology. In this work we demonstrate that the defining structure of many-body localization can be detected by the dynamics of a simple quantity from quantum information known as the total correlations which is connected to the local entropies. Central to our finding is the necessity to propagate specific initial states, drawn from the Hamiltonian unbiased basis (HUB). The dynamics of the local entropies and total correlations requires only local measurements in space and therefore is potentially experimentally accessible in a range of platforms.