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arXiv:2411.17854

Adiabatic charging of open quantum battery

M. A. Fasihi, R. Jafarzadeh Bahrbeig, B. Mojaveri, R. Haji Mohammadzadeh

Published Nov 26, 2024• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We revisit the adiabatic charging of a three-level QBs, using the adiabatic quantum master equation formalism. We restrict ourselves to the weak-coupling regime with an Ohmic thermal bath and investigate the effects of relaxation and dephasing on the charging process. We analyze the dependence of the stored energy, ergotropy as well as efficiency of QB on the total time of evolution $t_f$. We demonstrate that for very short charging time ($t_f$), where the evolution is highly non-adiabatic, the stored energy and ergotropy are very small. However, with increasing $t_f$ we show that there is an optimal charging time, $t_f^{opt}$, for maximum energy charging such that at low temperatures we could fully charge the battery and effectively extract the whole amount of energy from it. Note that, the optimal charging time could be decreased by adjusting strength of the coupling between system and environment and also appropriate choice of the Hamiltonian parameters which in turn speed up the charging process. On the other hand, we show that for very long charing time $t_f$ the charging energy, ergotropy and efficiency decrease due to thermal excitations. Furthermore to get more insights about the problem we investigate the distance between density matrix of system at optimal charging time $t_f^{opt}$ and the corresponding thermal state using one-norm distance.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2411.17854

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We revisit the adiabatic charging of a three-level QBs, using the adiabatic quantum master equation formalism. We restrict ourselves to the weak-coupling regime with an Ohmic thermal bath and investigate the effects of relaxation and dephasing on the charging process. We analyze the dependence of the stored energy, ergotropy as well as efficiency of QB on the total time of evolution tft_ftf​. We demonstrate that for very short charging time (tft_ftf​), where the evolution is highly non-adiabatic, the stored energy and ergotropy are very small. However, with increasing tft_ftf​ we show that there is an optimal charging time, tfoptt_f^{opt}tfopt​, for maximum energy charging such that at low temperatures we could fully charge the battery and effectively extract the whole amount of energy from it. Note that, the optimal charging time could be decreased by adjusting strength of the coupling between system and environment and also appropriate choice of the Hamiltonian parameters which in turn speed up the charging process. On the other hand, we show that for very long charing time tft_ftf​ the charging energy, ergotropy and efficiency decrease due to thermal excitations. Furthermore to get more insights about the problem we investigate the distance between density matrix of system at optimal charging time tfoptt_f^{opt}tfopt​ and the corresponding thermal state using one-norm distance.
Recent theoretical and experimental protocols for the stable and effective charging of open quantum batteries (QBs), in particular adiabatic charging of three-level QBs via stimulated Raman adiabatic passages, have sparked renewed interest in adiabatic quantum dynamics. A central question is whether exploiting the adiabatic master equation could provide advantages over the previous studies in the effective charging of open QBs. To answer this question, we revisit the adiabatic charging of three-level QB by using the adiabatic quantum master equation formalism. We restrict ourselves to the weak-coupling regime with an Ohmic thermal bath and investigate the effects of relaxation and dephasing on the charging process. It is also worth emphasizing that our protocol to investigate the charging process of QBs based on the adiabatic master equation despite the previous studies is not phenomenological and is general. We analyze the dependence of the stored energy, ergotropy, as well as the efficiency of the QB on the total time of evolution t_{f}. We demonstrate that for very short charging time (t_{f}), where the evolution is highly nonadiabatic, the stored energy and ergotropy are very small. However, by increasing t_{f} we show that there is an optimal charging time t_{f}^{opt} in which, at low temperatures, we could fully charge the battery and effectively extract the entire amount of energy from it. Note that the optimal charging time could be decreased by adjusting the strength of the coupling between the system and environment and also be the appropriate choice of the Hamiltonian parameters, which, in turn, speed up the charging process. However, we show that for very long charging time t_{f} the charging energy, ergotropy, and efficiency decrease due to thermal excitations. Furthermore, to obtain more insights about the problem we investigate the distance between the density matrix of a system at optimal charging time t_{f}^{opt} and the corresponding thermal state by using the one-norm distance.
The performance of open quantum batteries (QBs) is severely limited by decoherence due to the interaction with the surrounding environment. So, protecting the charging processes against decoherence is of great importance for realizing QBs. In this work we address this issue by developing a charging process of a qubit-based open QB composed of a qubit-battery and a qubit-charger, where each qubit moves inside an independent cavity reservoir. Our results show that, in both the Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics, the charging characteristics, including the charging energy, efficiency and ergotropy, regularly increase with increasing the speed of charger and battery qubits. Interestingly, when the charger and battery move with higher velocities, the initial energy of the charger is completely transferred to the battery in the Markovian dynamics. In this situation, it is possible to extract the total stored energy as work for a long time. Our findings show that open moving-qubit systems are robust and reliable QBs, thus making them a promising candidate for experimental implementations.
An open quantum battery (QB) model of a single qubit system charging in a coherent auxiliary bath (CAB) consisting of a series of independent coherent ancillae is considered. According to the collision charging protocol we derive a quantum master equation and obtain the analytical solution of QB in a steady state. We find that the full charging capacity (or the maximal extractable work (MEW)) of QB, in the weak QB-ancilla coupling limit, is positively correlated with the coherence magnitude of ancilla. Combining with the numerical simulations we compare with the charging properties of QB at finite coupling strength, such as the MEW, average charging power and the charging efficiency, when considering the bath to be a thermal auxiliary bath (TAB) and a CAB, respectively. We find that when the QB with CAB, in the weak coupling regime, is in fully charging, both its capacity and charging efficiency can go beyond its classical counterpart, and they increase with the increase of coherence magnitude of ancilla. In addition, the MEW of QB in the regime of relative strong coupling and strong coherent magnitude shows the oscillatory behavior with the charging time increasing, and the first peak value can even be larger than the full charging MEW of QB. This also leads to a much larger average charging power than that of QB with TAB in a short-time charging process. These features suggest that with the help of quantum coherence of CAB it becomes feasible to switch the charging schemes between the long-time slow charging protocol with large capacity and high efficiency and the short-time rapid charging protocol with highly charging power only by adjusting the coupling strength of QB-ancilla. This work clearly demonstrates that the quantum coherence of bath can not only serve as the role of “fuel” of QB to be utilized to improve the QB’s charging performance but also provide an alternative way to integrate the different charging protocols into a single QB.
We investigate the performance of a quantum battery exposed to local Markovian and non-Markovian dephasing noises. The battery is initially prepared as the ground state of a one-dimensional transverse XYXYXY model with open boundary condition and is charged (discharged) via interactions with local bosonic reservoirs. We show that in the transient regime, the quantum battery (QB) can store energy faster and has a higher maximum extractable work, quantified via ergotropy, when it is affected by local phase-flip or bit-flip Markovian noise compared to the case when there is no noise in the system. In both the charging and discharging processes, we report the enhancement in work output as well as in ergotropy when all the spins are affected by a non-Markovian Ohmic bath in both the transient and the steady-state regimes, thereby showing a counterintuitive advantage of decoherence in the QB. In both Markovian and non-Markovian cases, we identify the system parameters and the corresponding noise models which lead to maximum enhancement of work output and ergotropy. Moreover, we show that the benefit due to noise persists even with the initial state being prepared at a moderate temperature.
A quantum battery (QB) is an energy storage and extraction device that is governed by the principles of quantum mechanics. Here we propose a three-level Dicke QB and investigate its charging process by considering three quantum optical states: a Fock state, a coherent state, and a squeezed state. The performance of the QB in a coherent state is significantly superior to that in a Fock or squeezed state. We show that the locked energy is positively related to the entanglement between the charger and the battery, and diminishing the entanglement increases the ergotropy. The role of quantum phase transitions in the charging process of the QB system is analyzed and we find that the behavior of maximum stored energy is jointly determined by ground and excited-state quantum phase transitions. We further demonstrate that, no matter what the initial state is, the stored energy can be completely extracted when NNN is small (N=10N=10N=10), far below the thermodynamic limit, and the charging power follows a behavior consistent with that of the stored energy.
Abstract Coupling with an external environment inevitably affects the dynamics of a quantum system. Here, we consider how charging performances of a quantum battery, modelled as a two level system, are influenced by the presence of an Ohmic thermal reservoir. The latter is coupled to both longitudinal and transverse spin components of the quantum battery including decoherence and pure dephasing mechanisms. Charging and discharging dynamics of the quantum battery, subjected to a static driving, are obtained exploiting a proper mapping into the so-called spin-boson model. Analytic expressions for the time evolution of the energy stored in the weak coupling regime are presented relying on a systematic weak damping expansion. Here, decoherence and pure dephasing dissipative coupling are discussed in details. We argue that the former results in better charging performances, showing also interesting features reminiscent of the Lamb shift level splitting renormalization induced by the presence of the reservoir. Charging stability is also addressed, by monitoring the energy behaviour after the charging protocol has been switched off. This study presents a general framework to investigate relaxation effects, able to include also non Markovian effects, and it reveals the importance of controlling and, possibly, engineering system-bath coupling in the realization of quantum batteries.