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arXiv:2411.01995 · Scientific Reports

Rényi relative entropy based monogamy of entanglement in tripartite systems

Marwa Mannaï, Hisham Sati, Tim Byrnes, Chandrashekar Radhakrishnan

Published Jan 2, 2025• 4 citations

Abstract

A comprehensive investigation of the entanglement characteristics is carried out on tripartite spin-1/2 systems, examining prototypical tripartite states, the thermal Heisenberg model, and the transverse field Ising model. The entanglement is computed using the Rényi relative entropy. In the traditional Rényi relative entropy, the generalization parameter α can take values only in the range [Formula: see text] due to the requirements of joint convexity of the measure. To use the Rényi relative entropy over a wider range of α, we use the sandwiched form which is jointly convex in the regime [Formula: see text]. In prototypical tripartite states, we find that GHZ states are monogamous, but surprisingly so are W states. On the other hand, star states exhibit polygamy, due to the higher level of purity of the bipartite subsystems. For spin models, we study the dependence of entanglement on various parameters such as temperature, spin-spin interaction, and anisotropy, and identify regions where entanglement is the largest. The Rényi parameter α scales the amount of entanglement in the system. The entanglement measure based on the traditional and the sandwiched Rényi relative entropies obey the Araki-Lieb-Thirring inequality. In the Heisenberg models, namely the XYZ, XXZ, and XY models, the system is always monogamous. However, in the transverse field Ising model, the state is initially polygamous and becomes monogamous with temperature and coupling.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-84153-1

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A comprehensive investigation of the entanglement characteristics is carried out on tripartite spin-1/2 systems, examining prototypical tripartite states, the thermal Heisenberg model, and the transverse field Ising model. The entanglement is computed using the Rényi relative entropy. In the traditional Rényi relative entropy, the generalization parameter α can take values only in the range [Formula: see text] due to the requirements of joint convexity of the measure. To use the Rényi relative entropy over a wider range of α, we use the sandwiched form which is jointly convex in the regime [Formula: see text]. In prototypical tripartite states, we find that GHZ states are monogamous, but surprisingly so are W states. On the other hand, star states exhibit polygamy, due to the higher level of purity of the bipartite subsystems. For spin models, we study the dependence of entanglement on various parameters such as temperature, spin-spin interaction, and anisotropy, and identify regions where entanglement is the largest. The Rényi parameter α scales the amount of entanglement in the system. The entanglement measure based on the traditional and the sandwiched Rényi relative entropies obey the Araki-Lieb-Thirring inequality. In the Heisenberg models, namely the XYZ, XXZ, and XY models, the system is always monogamous. However, in the transverse field Ising model, the state is initially polygamous and becomes monogamous with temperature and coupling.

Monogamy of entanglement is an indispensable feature in multipartite quantum systems. In this paper we investigate monogamy and polygamy relations with respect to any partition for generalized

W

-class states using R\'enyi-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ entropy. First, we present analytical formulas of R\'enyi-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ entanglement $(\mathrm{R}\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{E})$ and R\'enyi-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ entanglement of assistance $(\mathrm{R}\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{EoA})$ for a reduced density matrix of an

n

-qudit pure state in a superposition of generalized

W

-class states and vacuum. Based on the analytical formulas, we show monogamy and polygamy relations in terms of $\mathrm{R}\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{E}$ and $\mathrm{R}\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{EoA}$. Next a reciprocal relation of $\mathrm{R}\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{EoA}$ in an arbitrary three-party quantum system is found. Later, we further develop tighter monogamy relations in terms of concurrence and convex-roof extended negativity than former ones. In order to show the usefulness of our results, two partition-dependent residual entanglements are established to get a comprehensive analysis of entanglement dynamics for generalized

W

-class states. Moreover, we apply our results to an interesting quantum game and find a bound of the difference between the quantum game and the classical game.

Unified-(q, s) entanglement [Formula: see text] is a generalized bipartite entanglement measure, which encompasses Tsallis-q entanglement, Rényi-q entanglement, and entanglement of formation as its special cases. We first provide the extended (q; s) region of the generalized analytic formula of [Formula: see text]. Then, the monogamy relation based on the squared [Formula: see text] for arbitrary multiqubit mixed states is proved. The monogamy relation proved in this paper enables us to construct an entanglement indicator that can be utilized to identify all genuine multiqubit entangled states even the cases where three tangle of concurrence loses its efficiency. It is shown that this monogamy relation also holds true for the generalized W-class state. The αth power [Formula: see text] based general monogamy and polygamy inequalities are established for tripartite qubit states.

Monogamy and polygamy relations characterize the distributions of entanglement in multipartite systems. We provide a characterization of multiqubit entanglement constraints in terms of unified-(q, s) entropy. A class of tighter monogamy inequalities of multiqubit entanglement based on the α-th power of unified-(q, s) entanglement for α ≥ 1 and a class of polygamy inequalities in terms of the β-th power of unified-(q, s) entanglement of assistance are established in this paper. Our results present a general class of the monogamy and polygamy relations for bipartite entanglement measures based on unified-(q, s) entropy, which are tighter than the existing ones. What is more, some usual monogamy and polygamy relations, such as monogamy and polygamy relations based on entanglement of formation, Renyi-q entanglement of assistance and Tsallis-q entanglement of assistance, can be obtained from these results by choosing appropriate parameters (q, s) in unified-(q, s) entropy entanglement. Typical examples are also presented for illustration.

Although entanglement is a well studied property in the context of quantum systems, the ability to measure it in Monte Carlo methods is relatively new. \nThrough measures of the Renyi entanglement entropy and mutual information one is able to examine and characterize criticality, pinpoint phase transitions, and probe universality. \nWe describe the most basic algorithms for calculating these quantities in straightforward Monte Carlo methods and state of the art techniques used in high performance computing. \nThis description emphasizes the core principal of these measurements and allows one to both build an intuition for these quantities and how they are useful in numerical studies. \n \nUsing the Renyi entanglement entropy we demonstrate the ability to detect thermal phase transitions in the Ising model and XY model without use of an order parameter. \nThe scaling near the critical point also shows signatures identifying the universality class of the model. \nImproved methods are explored using extended ensemble techniques that can increase calculation efficiency, and show good agreement with the standard approach. \nWe explore the "ratio trick" at finite temperature and use it to explore the quantum critical fan of the one dimensional transverse field Ising model, showing agreement with finite temperature and finite size scaling from field theory. \nThis same technique is used at zero temperature to explore the geometric dependence of the entanglement entropy and examine the universal scaling functions in the two dimensional transverse field Ising model. \nAll of this shows the multitude of ways in which the study of the Renyi entanglement entropy can be efficiently and practically used in conventional and exotic condensed matter systems, and should serve as a reference for those wishing to use it as a tool.

Abstract The monogamy and polygamy relations characterize the distributions of quantum entanglement in multipartite systems. We investigate the monogamy relations related to the Rényi- α entanglement (R α E) and polygamy relations related to the R α E of assistance (R α EoA). We present new entanglement monogamy relations satisfied by the η -th ( η ≥ 2) power of R α E for α ≥ 2, and by the γ -th ( γ ≥ 4) power of R α E for 7 − 1 2 ≤ α < 2 , respectively. Moreover, we present polygamy relations satisfied by the t th power of R α EoA with 7 − 1 2 ≤ α < 13 − 1 2 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1. We also give relationships among the residual entanglements of R α E and R α EoA, and the three tangle based on our general monogamy relations.