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arXiv:2411.01491 · Journal of High Energy Physics

Symmetry-resolved relative entropy of random states

Mostafa Ghasemi

Published Apr 11, 2025• 2 citations
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Abstract

A bstract We use large- N diagrammatic techniques to calculate the relative entropy of symmetric random states drawn from the Wishart ensemble. These methods are specifically designed for symmetric sectors, allowing us to determine the relative entropy for random states exhibiting U(1) symmetry. This calculation serves as a measure of distinguishability within the symmetry sectors of random states. Our findings reveal that the symmetry-resolved relative entropy of random pure states displays universal statistical behavior. A remarkable finding is that relative entropies violate entanglement equipartition in the symmetry resolution for Haar-random states. Finally, we derive the symmetry-resolved Page curve. These results deepen our understanding of the properties of these random states.

DOI
10.1007/jhep04(2025)090

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A bstract We use large- N diagrammatic techniques to calculate the relative entropy of symmetric random states drawn from the Wishart ensemble. These methods are specifically designed for symmetric sectors, allowing us to determine the relative entropy for random states exhibiting U(1) symmetry. This calculation serves as a measure of distinguishability within the symmetry sectors of random states. Our findings reveal that the symmetry-resolved relative entropy of random pure states displays universal statistical behavior. A remarkable finding is that relative entropies violate entanglement equipartition in the symmetry resolution for Haar-random states. Finally, we derive the symmetry-resolved Page curve. These results deepen our understanding of the properties of these random states.
Given a statistical ensemble of quantum states, the corresponding Page curve quantifies the average entanglement entropy associated with each possible spatial bipartition of the system. In this work, we study a natural extension in the presence of a conservation law and introduce the symmetry-resolved Page curves, characterizing average bipartite symmetry-resolved entanglement entropies. We derive explicit analytic formulas for two important statistical ensembles with a U(1)U(1)U(1)-symmetry: Haar-random pure states and random fermionic Gaussian states. In the former case, the symmetry-resolved Page curves can be obtained in an elementary way from the knowledge of the standard one. This is not true for random fermionic Gaussian states. In this case, we derive an analytic result in the thermodynamic limit based on a combination of techniques from random-matrix and large-deviation theories. We test our predictions against numerical calculations and discuss the subleading finite-size corrections.
We perform the symmetry resolution of a multipartite entanglement measure, namely the global entanglement QQQ introduced by Meyer and Wallach [2002, J. of Math. Phys., 43, pp. 4273] for all systems of distinguishable particles hosting a locally acting symmetry. For an ensemble of Haar random states we find agreement with equipartition, with leading order behaviour and finite size corrections which follow a power law scaling with the number of local degrees of freedom. Implications of this result for the general symmetry-resolved multipartite entanglement paradigm are discussed and some possible experimental verification methods are presented.
Symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy provides a powerful framework for probing the internal structure of quantum many-body states by decomposing entanglement into contributions from distinct symmetry sectors. In this work, we apply matrix product state techniques to study the bosonic, non-Abelian Moore-Read quantum Hall state, enabling precise numerical evaluation of both the full counting statistics and symmetry-resolved entanglement entropies. Our results reveal an approximate equipartition of entanglement among symmetry sectors, consistent with theoretical expectations and subject to finite-size corrections. The results also show that these expectations for symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy remain valid in the case of a non-Abelian state where the topological sectors cannot be distinguished by the Abelian U ( 1 ) symmetry alone, and where neutral and charged modes possess distinct velocities. We additionally perform a detailed comparison of the entanglement spectrum with predictions from the Li-Haldane conjecture, finding remarkable agreement, and enabling a more precise understanding of the effects of the distinct neutral and charged velocities. This not only provides a stringent test of the conjecture but also highlights its explanatory power in understanding the origin and structure of finite-size effects across different symmetry sectors.
A bstract We present a method to compute the symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy of spherical regions in higher-dimensional conformal field theories. By employing Casini-Huerta-Myers mapping, we transform the entanglement problem into thermodynamic calculations in hyperbolic space. This method is demonstrated through computations in both free field theories and holographic field theories. For large hyperbolic space volume, our results reveal a universal expansion structure of symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy, with the equipartition property holding up to the constant order. Using asymptotic analysis techniques, we prove this expansion structure and the equipartition property in arbitrary dimensions.
In this paper, we study the relation between entanglement and global internal symmetries in de Sitter space. We consider two symmetric causally disconnected regions in the hyperbolic chart on de Sitter space. Since entanglement measures characterizes correlations, the study of entanglement between the two causally disconnected regions gives information about the long range correlations in de Sitter space. When a theory possesses an additive global internal symmetry, the entanglement measures for a state with fixed global charge may be decomposed into local charge sectors in either subsystem and thus providing a finer resolution of entanglement. Here, we will consider two theories: free complex scalar field and free Dirac field on de Sitter space. Both theories possess global internal U(1)U(1)U(1) symmetry. We study the symmetry resolved entanglement entropy for both theories in the Bunch-Davies vacuum state. We find that the symmetry resolved entanglement entropy has equipartition into local charge sectors up to the terms that scale as VH30{V}_{{H}_{3}}^{0}VH3​0​ in the limit of large VH3{V}_{{H}_{3}}VH3​​, where VH3{V}_{{H}_{3}}VH3​​ is the volume of either region. This equipartition however is only broken by the terms of order O(1/VH3)O(1/{V}_{{H}_{3}})O(1/VH3​​). Consequently, we have equipartition of symmetry resolved entanglement entropy in the limit of infinite volume.
We study the average bipartite entanglement entropy of Haar-random pure states in quantum many-body systems with global SU(2)\mathrm{SU}(2)SU(2) symmetry, constrained to fixed total spin JJJ and magnetization Jz=0J_z = 0Jz​=0. Focusing on spin-12\tfrac1221​ lattices and subsystem fractions f<12f < \frac{1}{2}f<21​, we derive a asymptotic expression for the average entanglement entropy up to constant order in the system volume VVV. In addition to the expected leading volume law term, we prove the existence of a 12log⁡V\frac{1}{2}\log V21​logV finite-size correction resulting from the scaling of the Clebsch-Gordon coefficients and compute explicitly the O(1)O(1)O(1) contribution reflecting angular-momentum coupling within magnetization blocks. Our analysis uses features of random matrix ensembles and provides a fully analytical treatment for arbitrary spin densities, thereby extending Page type results to non-Abelian sectors and clarifying how SU(2)\mathrm{SU}(2)SU(2) symmetry shapes average entanglement.