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arXiv:2410.09367

Wide-range quantum enhanced rotation sensing with 1+2 dimensional dynamical decoupling techniques

X. N. Feng, L. F. Wei

Published Oct 12, 2024• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a motional dynamical decoupling technique by utilizing a sequence of $π$-phase shifts, instead of the conventional $π$-pulses for spin flipping, to implement the quantum enhanced rotation sensing with a 1+2 dimensional hybrid atomic Sagnic interferometor. By fully disentangling the spin from the two-dimensional vibrational modes of the particle under rotation, the spin coherence time and thus the phase accumulation can be significantly increased. Consequently, both the achievable sensitivity and dynamic range of the rotation sensing can be significantly enhanced and extended simultaneously, compared to the previous schemes where the spin and motions of the particle were not completely decoupled. The experimental feasibility for the unambiguous estimation of the rotation parameters is also discussed. Hopefully, this technique holds promise for overcoming certain challenges existing in the usual matter-wave Sagnac interferometers with trapped particles, particularly for the practical inertial navigation that demands both high sensitivity and large dynamic range.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2410.09367

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We propose a motional dynamical decoupling technique by utilizing a sequence of πππ-phase shifts, instead of the conventional πππ-pulses for spin flipping, to implement the quantum enhanced rotation sensing with a 1+2 dimensional hybrid atomic Sagnic interferometor. By fully disentangling the spin from the two-dimensional vibrational modes of the particle under rotation, the spin coherence time and thus the phase accumulation can be significantly increased. Consequently, both the achievable sensitivity and dynamic range of the rotation sensing can be significantly enhanced and extended simultaneously, compared to the previous schemes where the spin and motions of the particle were not completely decoupled. The experimental feasibility for the unambiguous estimation of the rotation parameters is also discussed. Hopefully, this technique holds promise for overcoming certain challenges existing in the usual matter-wave Sagnac interferometers with trapped particles, particularly for the practical inertial navigation that demands both high sensitivity and large dynamic range.
We reports improvements to our Sagnac effect matter-wave interferometer gyroscope. This device now has a short-term rotation-rate sensitivity of 6 × 10 -10 rad s -1 over 1 s of integration, which is the best publicly reported value to date. Stimulated Raman transitions are used to coherently manipulate atoms from counterpropagating thermal beams, forming two interferometers with opposite rotation phase shifts, allowing rotation to be distinguished from acceleration and laser arbitrary phase. Furthermore, electronically compensating the rotation-induced Doppler shifts of the Raman lasers allows operation at an effective zero rotation rate, improving sensitivity and facilitating sensitive lock-in detection readout techniques. Long-term stability is promising but not yet fully characterized. Potential applications include inertial navigation, geophysical studies and tests of general relativity.
We propose a rotation sensing scheme based on the Sagnac interferometer for a single trapped particle system. In this scheme, the spin and vibrational states of the particle, prepared in a coherent state, are translated into a Schr\"odinger cat state by applying a strong magnetic field gradient to create the spin-dependent force. By reflecting the phase related to the rotational rate accumulated by the two arms of the interferometer to the spin state, we can obtain the rotational rate of the apparatus by performing spin measurement. The scheme can also be applied to the situation with the vibration state in the thermal state. The sensing sensitivity can reach $S=4.47\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{rad}/\mathrm{s}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ for a suspended diamond nanoparticle and $S=5.65\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{rad}/\mathrm{s}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ for a trapped 40Ca+{}^{40}{\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}40Ca+. Combining with the experimental parameters, our scheme is applied to realize the gyroscope in a trapped single nanoparticle and atomic ion.
Entanglement is an important quantum resource to achieve high-sensitivity quantum metrology. However, the rapid decoherence of quantum entangled states, due to the unavoidable environmental noise, results in practically the unwanted sharp drop of the measurement sensitivity. To overcome such a difficulty, here we propose a spin-oscillator hybrid quantum interferometer to achieve the desirable precise estimation of the parameter encoded in the vibrations of the oscillator. Differing from the conventional two-mode quantum interferometers input by the two-mode NOON state or entangled coherent states, whose achievable sensitivities are strongly limited by the decoherence of the entangled vibrational states, we demonstrate that the present interferometer, input by a spin-dependent two-mode entangled state, possesses a manifest advantage; i.e., the measurement sensitivity of the estimated parameter is not influenced by the decoherence from the spin-oscillator entanglement. This is because, by applying a spin-oscillator disentangled operation, the information of the estimated parameter encoded originally in the vibrational degrees can be effectively transferred into the spin degree and then can be sensitively estimated by the precise spin-state population measurements. As consequence, the proposed hybrid quantum interferometer possesses manifest robustness against the particle losses of the vibrational modes. Interestingly, the achieved phase measurement sensitivity can still surpass the standard quantum limit obviously, even if a relatively large number of particle loss occurs in one of the two modes. The potential application of the proposed spin-oscillator hybrid quantum interferometer is also discussed.
Matter-wave interferometry with atoms propagating in a guiding potential is expected to provide compact, scalable and precise inertial sensing. However, a rotation sensing device based on the Sagnac effect with atoms guided in a ring has not yet been implemented despite continuous efforts during the last two decades. Here we discuss some intrinsic effects that limit the coherence in such a device and propose a scheme that overcomes these limitations and enables a multi-pass guiding Sagnac interferometer with a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) on a chip in a ring potential. We analyze crucial dephasing effects: potential roughness, phase diffusion due to atom-atom interactions and number uncertainty, and phase fluctuations. Owing to the recent progress in achieving high momentum beam splitting, creating smooth guides, and manipulating the matter-wavepacket propagation, guided interferometry can be implemented within the coherence time allowed by phase diffusion. Despite the lower particle flux in a guided Sagnac ring and the miniaturization of the interferometer, the estimated sensitivity, for reasonable and practical realizations of an atom chip-based gyroscope, is comparable to that of free-space interferometers, reaching 45 nrads^{-1}Hz^{-1/2}. A significant improvement over state-of-the-art free-space gyrocope sensitivities can be envisioned by using thermal atoms instead of a BEC, whereby the interferometer can be operated in a continuous fashion with the coherence limited by the scattering rate of the atoms with the background gas. Taking into account the sensitivity times length of the interferometer as the figure of merit which takes into account compactness, our configuration is expected to deliver a potential improvement of 2-4 orders of magnitude over state-of-the-art free-space gyroscopes for a BEC, and 4-6 orders of magnitude for thermal atoms.
The Sagnac interferometry has widely been used to measure rotation frequency. Beyond the conventional single-particle scheme, we propose a multiparticle scheme via Bose condensed atoms. In our scheme, an ensemble of entangled two-state Bose atoms are moved in a ring via a state-dependent rotating potential, and then the atoms are recombined for interference via Ramsey pulses. The phase accumulation time is determined by the state-dependent rotating potential. The ultimate rotation sensitivity can be improved to the Heisenberg limit if the initial internal degrees of freedom are entangled. By implementing parity measurement, the ultimate measurement precision can be saturated, and the achieved measurement precisions approach the Heisenberg limit. Our results provide a promising way to exploit many-body quantum entanglement in precision rotation sensing.
Sagnac interferometers with massive particles promise unique advantages in achieving high-precision measurements of rotation rates over their optical counterparts. Recent proposals and experiments are exploring nonballistic Sagnac interferometers where trapped atoms are transported along a closed path. This is achieved by using superpositions of internal quantum states and their control with state-dependent potentials. We address emergent questions regarding the dynamical behavior of Bose-Einstein condensates in such an interferometer and its impact on rotation sensitivity. We investigate complex dependencies on atomic interactions as well as trap geometries, rotation rates, and speed of operation. We find that temporal transport profiles obtained from a simple optimization strategy for noninteracting particles remain surprisingly robust also in the presence of interactions over a large range of realistic parameters. High sensitivities can be achieved for short interrogation times far from the adiabatic regime. This highlights a route to building fast and robust guided-ring Sagnac interferometers with fully trapped atoms.