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arXiv:2410.06116

Faraday-Ramsey rotation measurement in a thin cell as an analogy to an atomic beam

Mark Dikopoltsev, Eliran Talker, Yefim Barash, Noa Mazurski, Uriel Levy

Published Oct 8, 2024• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Atomic beams are powerful tools for measuring spin coherence in hot vapors but require bulky setups, limiting device miniaturization. We demonstrate that micron-thin vapor cells can mimic atomic beam behavior by exploiting geometry-dependent velocity filtering. In a 5 μm rubidium cell, coherence is preserved for atoms moving parallel to the cell walls, enabling observation of the Faraday-Ramsey effect without buffer gas or anti-relaxation coatings. Using a spatially displaced pump-probe scheme and magnetic field scanning, we achieve clear Ramsey fringes and validate our model experimentally. This technique offers a compact alternative to atomic beam systems, supporting scalable sensors and frequency standards.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2410.06116

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Atomic beams are powerful tools for measuring spin coherence in hot vapors but require bulky setups, limiting device miniaturization. We demonstrate that micron-thin vapor cells can mimic atomic beam behavior by exploiting geometry-dependent velocity filtering. In a 5 μm rubidium cell, coherence is preserved for atoms moving parallel to the cell walls, enabling observation of the Faraday-Ramsey effect without buffer gas or anti-relaxation coatings. Using a spatially displaced pump-probe scheme and magnetic field scanning, we achieve clear Ramsey fringes and validate our model experimentally. This technique offers a compact alternative to atomic beam systems, supporting scalable sensors and frequency standards.
Atomic beams offer measurement capabilities for hot vapors but often require complex, bulky systems, limiting miniaturization. This study explores hot vapors in thin cells (L=30,5 μm) as a simplified analogy to atomic beams. Coherence is maintained only for atoms moving parallel to the cell walls, as wall collisions randomize spin. By filtering non-parallel atoms, we mimic atomic beam behavior and observe the Faraday-Ramsey effect. Rubidium atoms are optically pumped with linearly polarized resonance radiation, evolving in a perpendicular magnetic field and probed via Faraday rotation. We believe that thin cell technology is paving the way for the miniaturization of atomic beam-based sensors.
ABSTRACT Atomic beams are powerful tools for measuring fundamental physical constants, probing atomic interactions, and developing precision metrology techniques such as atomic clocks and interferometry. However, most atomic‐beam devices are bulky, which limits their miniaturization. Recent efforts toward the miniaturization of atomic beams have been reported (see, Ref. [10]). Here, we demonstrate an alternative approach, showing that micrometer‐scale vapor cells can emulate atomic‐beam behavior through geometry‐dependent velocity filtering. Specifically, in a 5‐µm‐thick rubidium vapor cell, coherence is preserved for atoms moving parallel to the cell walls, enabling observation of the Faraday–Ramsey effect in the absence of buffer gas or anti‐relaxation coatings. Using a spatially displaced pump–probe scheme and magnetic‐field scanning, we observe distinct Ramsey fringes in excellent agreement with the theoretical model. This technique enables compact implementations of Faraday–Ramsey measurements in microfabricated alkali‐vapor cells.
Atomic beams offer measurement capabilities for hot vapors but often require complex, bulky systems, limiting miniaturization. This study explores hot vapors in thin cells (L=30,5 μm) as a simplified analogy to atomic beams. Coherence is maintained only for atoms moving parallel to the cell walls, as wall collisions randomize spin. By filtering non-parallel atoms, we mimic atomic beam behavior and observe the Faraday-Ramsey effect. Rubidium atoms are optically pumped with linearly polarized resonance radiation, evolving in a perpendicular magnetic field and probed via Faraday rotation. We believe that thin cell technology is paving the way for the miniaturization of atomic beam-based sensors.
We demonstrate an ultra-high sensitivity rf optical magnetometer based on a compact 5×5×8 mm3 Rubidium-87 vapor cell in a mu-metal shielded environment. The rf field is detected via a Faraday rotation effect on the linear polarization of a probe beam, and the resonance frequency is tuned via Zeeman effect by applying a static bias magnetic field to the cell. Sensitivities down to 3 fT/√Hz are achieved between 10 kHz and 100 kHz, which is a performance comparable to that of prior larger cells. An increase in the sensitivity with frequency and temperature has been observed.
In the recent years, atomic sensors have demonstrated superior performance in magnetic field sensing compared to other technologies [1]. While atomic vapour cells have been integrated into compact systems, such as bio- imaging, the spatial resolution remains limited by the size of the sensors [2]. Here, we propose combining single- pixel imaging (SPI) technique with an atomic vapour cell to achieve microscopic-scale imaging for magnetic field sensing. The SPI technique involves projecting pattern of light onto a sample while monitoring the intensity [3]. The magnetic field is then estimated using the Faraday effect, where an incident linear polarised beam rotates in the presence of a magnetic field as the probe beam propagates through the atomic vapour cell.