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arXiv:2410.04828 · Physical Review Applied

Robust gates inspired by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage for a superconducting dual-rail qubit

Ujjawal Singhal, Harsh Vardhan Upadhyay, Irshad Ahmad, Vibhor Singh

Published Jan 22, 2025• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a powerful technique for robust state transfer capabilities in quantum systems. This method, however encounters challenges for its implementation as a gate in qubit-subspace due to its sensitivity to initial states. By incorporating single-photon detuning into the protocol, the sensitivity to the initial state can effectively be mitigated, enabling STIRAP to operate as a gate. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate the implementation of robust $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ rotations in a dual-rail qubit formed by two strongly coupled fixed-frequency transmon qubits. We achieve state preparation fidelity in excess of 0.98 using such rotations. Our analysis reveals these gates exhibit significant resilience to errors. Furthermore, our numerical calculations confirm that these gates can achieve fidelity levels in excess of 0.999. This work suggest a way for realizing quantum gates which are robust against minor drifts in pulse or system parameters.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.23.014044

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Coherent quantum state transfer is a vital step in quantum information processing. Based on the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), we realize robust quantum state transfer between two superconducting qubits, mediated by a tunable coupler. Utilizing parametric coupling techniques, we construct the STIRAP Hamiltonian by modulating the coupler frequency. A population transfer fidelity of 95.1 (±2.0)% is achieved and is consistent with the numerical simulation result of 95.4%. By preparing the initial state in the maximal superposition state of one qubit, we research how the phase of the transferred state is related to the modulation pulses. We also find that the transfer process is robust against the fluctuation of modulation frequency. Numerical simulation confirms that our state transfer scheme is more robust than non-adiabatic protocols.
Efficient initialization and manipulation of quantum states is important for numerous applications and it usually requires the ability to perform high fidelity and robust swapping of the populations of quantum states. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has been known to perform efficient and robust inversion of the ground states populations of a three-level system. However, its performance is sensitive to the initial state of the system. In this contribution we demonstrate that a slight modification of STIRAP, where we introduce a non-zero single-photon detuning, allows for efficient and robust population swapping for any initial state. The results of our work could be useful for efficient and robust state preparation, dynamical decoupling and design of quantum gates in ground state qubits via two-photon interactions.
Abstract Efficient initialization and manipulation of quantum states is important for numerous applications and it usually requires the ability to perform high fidelity and robust swapping of the populations of quantum states. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has been known to perform efficient and robust inversion of the ground states populations of a three-level system. However, its performance is sensitive to the initial state of the system. In this contribution we demonstrate that a slight modification of STIRAP, where we introduce a non-zero single-photon detuning, allows for efficient and robust population swapping for any initial state. The results of our work could be useful for efficient and robust state preparation, dynamical decoupling and design of quantum gates in ground state qubits via two-photon interactions.
Quantum protocols based on adiabatic evolution are remarkably robust against imperfections of control pulses and system uncertainties. While adiabatic protocols have been successfully implemented for quantum operations such as quantum state transfer and single-qubit gates, their use for geometric two-qubit gates remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a general scheme to realize robust geometric two-qubit gates in multilevel qubit systems where the interaction between the qubits is mediated by an auxiliary system (such as a bus or coupler). While our scheme utilizes stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), it is substantially simpler than STIRAP-based gates that have been proposed for atomic platforms, requiring fewer control tones and ancillary states, as well as utilizing only a generic dispersive interaction. We also show how our gate can be accelerated using a shortcuts-to-adiabaticity approach, allowing one to achieve a gate that is both fast and relatively robust. We present a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the performance of our two-qubit gate in parametrically modulated superconducting circuits comprising two fluxonium qubits coupled to an auxiliary system.
Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and its superadiabatic variant (sa-STIRAP) are pivotal techniques for high-fidelity quantum state transfer. However, STIRAP is inherently slow, while sa-STIRAP often requires additional, experimentally challenging couplings. Recent progress has shown that implementing these protocols in the dressed-state space can overcome these limitations by modulating the amplitude and phase of native driving fields, thereby enabling efficient population transfer without extra couplings. Nevertheless, the robustness of these dressed-state protocols against decoherence remains unclear. In this work, we investigate the decoherence resilience of both STIRAP and sa-STIRAP within the dressed-state framework. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that they exhibit significantly enhanced robustness to environmental noise compared to their standard three-level counterparts. Our results highlight the potential of dressed-state-based protocols for achieving robust, high-fidelity quantum state transfer in noisy environments.
Abstract Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a widely used protocol to realize high-fidelity and robust quantum control in various quantum systems. However, further application of this protocol in superconducting qubits is limited by population leakage caused by the only weak anharmonicity. Here, we introduce an optimally controlled shortcut-to-adiabatic (STA) technique to speed-up the STIRAP protocol in a superconducting qudit. By modifying the shapes of the STIRAP pulses, we experimentally realize a fast (32 ns) and high-fidelity (0.996 ± 0.005) quantum state transfer. In addition, we demonstrate that our protocol is robust against control parameter perturbations. Our stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage transition provides an efficient and practical approach for quantum information processing.