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arXiv:2409.16065

Simple, highly-stable transfer cavity for laser stabilization based on a carbon-fiber reinforced polymer spacer

Timo Zwettler, Xue, Zeyang, Gaia Bolognini, Tabea Bühler, Lorenz Hruby, A. Fabre, Tobias Donner, Jean-Philippe Brantut

Published Sep 24, 2024• 0 citations
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Abstract

We describe the design and operation of a high-stability Fabry-Perot cavity, for laser stabilization in cavity quantum-electrodynamics experiments. Our design is based on an inexpensive and readily available uniaxial carbon-fiber reinforced polymer tube spacer, featuring an ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient. As a result, our $136\mathrm{mm}$-long cavity, which has a finesse of ${5160}$, shows a coefficient of thermal expansion of $1.6 \times 10^{-6}~\mathrm{K}^{-1}$. Enclosing it in a hermetic chamber at room-pressure and using a simple temperature stabilization, we observe absolute frequency excursions over a full day below $50~\mathrm{MHz}$ for a laser operating at $446.785\mathrm{THz}$. The frequency stability is limited by the imperfect thermal isolation from the environment and can be corrected using a built-in piezo-electric actuator. In addition, we discuss a different variant of this design and identify future improvements. Our system provides a cost-effective and robust solution for transferring laser stability over different wavelengths, as well as for linewidth reduction or spectral filtering of CW laser sources for applications in quantum science.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2409.16065

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We describe the design and operation of a high-stability Fabry-Perot cavity, for laser stabilization in cavity quantum-electrodynamics experiments. Our design is based on an inexpensive and readily available uniaxial carbon-fiber reinforced polymer tube spacer, featuring an ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient. As a result, our 136mm136\mathrm{mm}136mm-long cavity, which has a finesse of 5160{5160}5160, shows a coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.6×10−6 K−11.6 \times 10^{-6}~\mathrm{K}^{-1}1.6×10−6 K−1. Enclosing it in a hermetic chamber at room-pressure and using a simple temperature stabilization, we observe absolute frequency excursions over a full day below 50 MHz50~\mathrm{MHz}50 MHz for a laser operating at 446.785THz446.785\mathrm{THz}446.785THz. The frequency stability is limited by the imperfect thermal isolation from the environment and can be corrected using a built-in piezo-electric actuator. In addition, we discuss a different variant of this design and identify future improvements. Our system provides a cost-effective and robust solution for transferring laser stability over different wavelengths, as well as for linewidth reduction or spectral filtering of CW laser sources for applications in quantum science.
We describe the design and operation of a high-stability Fabry-Pérot cavity, for laser stabilization in cavity quantum-electrodynamics experiments. Our design is based on an inexpensive and readily available uniaxial carbon-fiber reinforced polymer tube spacer, featuring an ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient. As a result, our 136 mm-long cavity, which has a finesse of 5160, shows a coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.6 × 10-6 K-1. Enclosing it in a hermetic chamber at room-pressure and using simple temperature stabilization, we observe absolute frequency excursions over a full day below 50 MHz for a laser operating at 446.785 THz. The frequency stability is limited by the imperfect thermal isolation from the environment and can be corrected using a built-in piezoelectric actuator. In addition, we discuss a different variant of this design and identify future improvements. Our system provides a cost-effective and robust solution for transferring laser stability over different wavelengths, as well as for linewidth reduction or spectral filtering of CW laser sources for applications in quantum science.
Fiber Fabry–Perot cavities, formed by micro-machined mirrors on the end-facets of optical fibers, are used in an increasing number of technical and scientific applications, where they typically require precise stabilization of their optical resonances. Here, we study two different approaches to construct fiber Fabry–Perot resonators and stabilize their length for experiments in cavity quantum electrodynamics with neutral atoms. A piezo-mechanically actuated cavity with feedback based on the Pound–Drever–Hall locking technique is compared to a novel rigid cavity design that makes use of the high passive stability of a monolithic cavity spacer and employs thermal self-locking and external temperature tuning. Furthermore, we present a general analysis of the mode matching problem in fiber Fabry–Perot cavities, which explains the asymmetry in their reflective line shapes and has important implications for the optimal alignment of the fiber resonators. Finally, we discuss the issue of fiber-generated background photons. We expect that our results contribute toward the integration of high-finesse fiber Fabry–Perot cavities into compact and robust quantum-enabled devices in the future.
Optical Fabry-Perot cavities are crucial tools for metrology experiments, where they achieve extreme length stability and now can serve as highly proficient references for probing fine atomic transitions. For some atomic physics experiments however, tunability of the system to atomic transitions enables atom-light interactions. Achieving both frequency stability and tunability in a single cavity has remained a challenge, forcing metrology experiments exploiting atom-cavity interactions to rely on external active feedback systems to stabilize the length of the cavity. Here, we describe a piezoelectrically-tunable cavity with a cancellation of the coefficient of thermal expansion at around 5^\circ\mathrm{C} 5 ∘ C , achieving a fractional frequency instability of 4× 10^{-13} 4 × 10 − 13 level for 1 s integration time. This advance eliminates the need for external stabilization in many atom-cavity experiments, making this design ideal for applications such as ultra-stable superradiant lasers and other cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments.
We describe the design, construction, and characterization of a medium-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity for simultaneous frequency stabilization of two lasers operating at 960 and 780 nm wavelengths, respectively. The lasers are applied in experiments with ultracold rubidium Rydberg atoms, for which a combined laser linewidth similar to the natural Rydberg linewidth (≈10 kHz) is desired. The cavity, with a finesse of ≈1500, is used to reduce the linewidth of the lasers to below this level. By using a spacer made of ultra low expansion (ULE) glass with active temperature stabilization, the residual frequency drift is limited to ≲1 MHz/day. The design optimizes for ease of construction, robustness, and affordability.
Fiber Fabry-Perot cavities, formed by micro-machined mirrors on the end-facets of optical fibers, are used in an increasing number of technical and scientific applications. Some of the most promising areas of application of these optical micro-resonators with high finesse and small mode volume are in the field of quantum communication and information. The resonator-enhanced light-matter interaction, for instance, provide basis for the realization of efficient optical interfaces between stationary matter-based quantum nodes and flying single-photon qubits. To date fiber Fabry-Perot cavities have been successfully applied in experiments interfacing single photons with a wide range of quantum systems, including cold atoms, ions and solid state emitters as well as quantum optomechanical experiments. Here we address some important practical questions that arise during the experimental implementation of high finesse fiber Fabry-Perot cavities: How can optimal fiber cavity alignment be achieved and how can the efficiency of coupling light from the optical fibers to the cavity mode and vice versa be characterized? How should optical fiber cavities be constructed and stabilized to fulfill their potential for miniaturization and integration into robust scientific and technological devices that can operate outside of dedicated laboratory environments in the future? The first two questions we answer with an analytic mode matching calculation that relates the alignment dependent fiber-to-cavity mode-matching efficiency to the easily measurable dip in the reflected light power at the cavity resonance. Our general analysis provides a simple recipe for the optimal alignment of fiber Fabry-Perot cavities and moreover for the first time explains the asymmetry in their reflective line shapes. The latter question we explore by investigating a novel, intrinsically rigid fiber cavity design that makes use of the high passive stability of a monolithic cavity spacer and employs thermal self-locking and external temperature tuning. The performance of this novel approach is compared to a more traditional, piezomechanically-actuated resonator that is feedback stabilized to a reference laser based on the Pound-Drever-Hall locking technique. Finally, with the application of single photon interfacing in mind we discuss the issue of fiber-generated background photons in Fiber Fabry-Perot cavities. We believe that, due to their simplicity, compactness and robustness, rigid fiber cavities could be a promising solution for miniaturized, integratable and scalable cavity quantum electrodynamic devices and further applications of FFPC with similar requirements.
We present a stabilization technique developed to lock and dynamically tune the resonant frequency of a moderate finesse Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity used in precision atom-cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) experiments. Most experimental setups with active stabilization either operate at one fixed resonant frequency or use transfer cavities to achieve the ability to tune the resonant frequency of the cavity. In this work, we present a simple and cost-effective solution to actively stabilize an optical cavity while achieving a dynamic tuning range of over 100 MHz with a precision under 1 MHz. Our unique scheme uses a reference laser locked to an electro-optic modulator (EOM) shifted saturation absorption spectroscopy (SAS) signal. The cavity is locked to the PDH error signal obtained from the dip in the reflected intensity of this reference laser. Our setup provides the feature to efficiently tune the resonant frequency of the cavity by only changing the EOM drive without unlocking and re-locking either the reference laser or the cavity. We present measurements of precision control of the resonant cavity frequency and vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) to quantify the stability achieved and hence show that this technique is suitable for a variety of cavity QED experiments.