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arXiv:2408.07380

Single ion spectroscopy of four metastable state clear-out transitions in Yb II: isotope shifts and hyperfine structure

N. A. Diepeveen, Clara Robalo Pereira, M. Mazzanti, Z. E. D. Ackerman, L. P. H. Gallagher, Tina Timmerman, R. Gerritsma, Rima X. Schüssler

Published Aug 14, 2024• 0 citations
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Abstract

We present spectroscopic data for four metastable state clear-out transitions between 399 nm and 412 nm for all even long-lived isotopes of Yb$^+$ as well as their hyperfine structure in $^{171}$Yb$^+$. The strong $^2 \rm{D}_{3/2} \rightarrow {}^1[1/2]_{1/2}$ transition at 412 nm represents an attractive alternative for the standard 935 nm repumper used in cooling and trapping experiments, while the transition to the $^3[3/2]_{3/2}$ state at 411 nm clears out the $^2 $F$_{7/2}$ state, for which typically 638 nm or 760 nm are used. These two alternative transitions simplify the experimental setup by removing the need for infrared optics to cool and manipulate Yb$^+$ and may be of particular interest when considering integrated photonics solutions. We also present data for the transitions $^2 $D$_{3/2} \rightarrow {}^3[1/2]_{3/2}$ at 399 nm, and $^2 $D$_{3/2} \rightarrow {}^1[5/2]_{5/2}$ at 410 nm including decay branching ratios of the excited states.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2408.07380

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We present spectroscopic data for four metastable state clear-out transitions between 399 nm and 412 nm for all even long-lived isotopes of Yb+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}Yb+ as well as their hyperfine structure in 171Yb+^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}171Yb+. The strong ${}^{2}{D}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{}^{1}{[1/2]}_{1/2}$ transition at 412 nm represents an attractive alternative for the standard 935 nm repumper used in cooling and trapping experiments, while the transition to the 3[3/2]3/2{}^{3}{[3/2]}_{3/2}3[3/2]3/2​ state at 411 nm clears out the 2F7/2^{2}F_{7/2}2F7/2​ state, for which typically 638 nm or 760 nm is used. These two alternative transitions simplify the experimental setup by removing the need for infrared optics to cool and manipulate Yb+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}Yb+ and may be of particular interest when considering integrated photonics solutions. We also present data for the transitions $^{2}D_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{}^{3}{[1/2]}_{3/2}$ at 399 nm and $^{2}D_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{}^{1}{[5/2]}_{5/2}$ at 410 nm including decay branching ratios of the excited states.
High-Resolution Spectroscopy of 173^{173}173Yb+^{+}+ Ions
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Long-lived metastable states in the 4f$^{13}5d6sconfigurationofYb5d6s configuration of Yb5d6sconfigurationofYb^+$
We study the occurrence of long-lived metastable states in the 4f$^{13}5d6selectronconfigurationofYb5d6s electron configuration of Yb5d6selectronconfigurationofYb^+$. By optical pumping of a single trapped ion on the 2F7/2o→(7/2,0)7/2^2F^\text{o}_{7/2}\rightarrow (7/2,0)_{7/2}2F7/2o​→(7/2,0)7/2​ transition at 377.5 nm, we prepare a wide range of metastable electronic states. We use a co-trapped control ion to sympathetically cool the spectroscopy ion, allowing us to accurately time its subsequent decay. We record a strong decay signal corresponding to a lifetime of 0.92(8) s, a weaker decay signal with lifetime 9.8(+2.9, -2.0) s, and find evidence for a much longer lifetime, >>> 30 s. We identify the metastable states with these lifetimes qualitatively, and corroborate our results with atomic structure calculations that support the observed lifetimes and decay paths. These long-lived states provide new opportunities in qubit and qudit state detection and optical clocks.
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We have measured and analyzed the hyperfine structure of two lines, one at 583 nm and one at 401 nm, of the only stable fermionic isotope of atomic erbium as well as determined its isotope shift relative to the four most-abundant bosonic isotopes. Our work focuses on the $J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J+1$ laser cooling transitions from the [Xe]4f126s2(3H6)[\text{Xe}]4{f}^{12}6{s}^{2}{(}^{3}{H}_{6})[Xe]4f126s2(3H6​) ground state to two levels of the excited [Xe]4f126s6p[\text{Xe}]4{f}^{12}6s6p[Xe]4f126s6p configuration, which are of major interest for experiments on quantum degenerate dipolar Fermi gases. From a fit to the observed spectra of the strong optical transition at 401 nm we find that the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole hyperfine constants for the excited state are ${A}_{e}/h=\ensuremath{-}100.1(3)\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$ and ${B}_{e}/h=\ensuremath{-}3079(30)\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$, respectively. The hyperfine spectrum of the narrow transition at 583 nm, was previously observed and accurate Ae{A}_{e}Ae​ and Be{B}_{e}Be​ coefficients are available. A simulated spectrum based on these coefficients agrees well with our measurements. We have also determined the hyperfine constants using relativistic configuration-interaction ab initio calculations. The agreement between the ab initio and fitted data for the ground state is better than 0.1%, while for the two excited states the agreement is 1% and 11% for the Ae{A}_{e}Ae​ and Be{B}_{e}Be​ constants, respectively.