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arXiv:1711.04667 · Physical Review A

Spectroscopy of the S1/22→P3/22 transition in Yb ii: Isotope shifts, hyperfine splitting, and branching ratios

Thomas Feldker, Henning A. Fürst, Norman Vincenz Ewald, J. Joger, R. Gerritsma

Published Mar 19, 2018• 15 citations
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Abstract

We report on spectroscopic results on the $^{2}S_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3/2}$ transition in single trapped ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ ions. We measure the isotope shifts for all stable ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ isotopes except $^{173}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$, as well as the hyperfine splitting of the $^{2}P_{3/2}$ state in $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$. Our results are in agreement with previous measurements but are a factor of 5--9 more precise. For the hyperfine constant $A(^{2}P_{3/2})=875.4(10)\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$ our results also agree with previous measurements but deviate significantly from theoretical predictions. We present experimental results on the branching ratios for the decay of the $^{2}P_{3/2}$ state. We find branching fractions for the decay to the $^{2}D_{3/2}$ state and $^{2}D_{5/2}$ state of 0.17(1)% and 1.08(5)%, respectively, in rough agreement with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we measured the isotope shifts of the $^{2}F_{7/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{1}D{[5/2]}_{5/2}$ transition and determine the hyperfine structure constant for the $^{1}D{[5/2]}_{5/2}$ state in $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}$ to be $A(^{1}D{[5/2]}_{5/2})=\ensuremath{-}107(6)\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.97.032511

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We present spectroscopic data for four metastable state clear-out transitions between 399 nm and 412 nm for all even long-lived isotopes of Yb+^++ as well as their hyperfine structure in 171^{171}171Yb+^++. The strong 2D3/2→1[1/2]1/2^2 \rm{D}_{3/2} \rightarrow {}^1[1/2]_{1/2}2D3/2​→1[1/2]1/2​ transition at 412 nm represents an attractive alternative for the standard 935 nm repumper used in cooling and trapping experiments, while the transition to the 3[3/2]3/2^3[3/2]_{3/2}3[3/2]3/2​ state at 411 nm clears out the $^2 FFF_{7/2}$ state, for which typically 638 nm or 760 nm are used. These two alternative transitions simplify the experimental setup by removing the need for infrared optics to cool and manipulate Yb+^++ and may be of particular interest when considering integrated photonics solutions. We also present data for the transitions $^2 DDD_{3/2} \rightarrow {}^3[1/2]_{3/2}$ at 399 nm, and $^2 DDD_{3/2} \rightarrow {}^1[5/2]_{5/2}$ at 410 nm including decay branching ratios of the excited states.
We present spectroscopic data for four metastable state clear-out transitions between 399 nm and 412 nm for all even long-lived isotopes of Yb+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}Yb+ as well as their hyperfine structure in 171Yb+^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}171Yb+. The strong ${}^{2}{D}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{}^{1}{[1/2]}_{1/2}$ transition at 412 nm represents an attractive alternative for the standard 935 nm repumper used in cooling and trapping experiments, while the transition to the 3[3/2]3/2{}^{3}{[3/2]}_{3/2}3[3/2]3/2​ state at 411 nm clears out the 2F7/2^{2}F_{7/2}2F7/2​ state, for which typically 638 nm or 760 nm is used. These two alternative transitions simplify the experimental setup by removing the need for infrared optics to cool and manipulate Yb+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}Yb+ and may be of particular interest when considering integrated photonics solutions. We also present data for the transitions $^{2}D_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{}^{3}{[1/2]}_{3/2}$ at 399 nm and $^{2}D_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{}^{1}{[5/2]}_{5/2}$ at 410 nm including decay branching ratios of the excited states.
Spectroscopy of the 411-nm transition in 171Yb+{}^{171}{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}171Yb+ has been performed and the feasibility of its use as an optical frequency standard has been demonstrated. The 2S1/2(F=0,mF=0)−−2D5/2(F=2,mF=0){}^{2}{S}_{1/2}(F=0, {m}_{F}=0){--}^{2}{D}_{5/2}(F=2, {m}_{F}=0)2S1/2​(F=0,mF​=0)−−2D5/2​(F=2,mF​=0) frequency, at zero-magnetic field, has been measured to be 729 487 779 566(153) kHz. This transition is free from the first-order Zeeman shift and has a measured second-order shift of +0.38(8) Hz/(\ensuremath{\mu}T)2{\mathrm{T})}^{2}T)2. In addition, the hyperfine structure of the 2D5/2{}^{2}{D}_{5/2}2D5/2​ level has been deduced by driving the other hyperfine components of the 411-nm transition, showing it to be inverted. The 2D5/2{}^{2}{D}_{5/2}2D5/2​ hyperfine splitting, measured to be -191(2) MHz, implies an A factor of -63.6(7) MHz. These data taken in conjunction with previous work yield an isotope shift of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{171}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{172}=+1317.1(1.3)\mathrm{MHz}$ for this transition between the 171 and 172 isotopes.
We report measurements of the branching fraction, hyperfine constant, and second-order Zeeman coefficient of the D5/2{D}_{5/2}D5/2​ level in 171Yb+^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}171Yb+ with up to a two-orders-of-magnitude reduction in uncertainty compared to previously reported values. We estimate the electric quadrupole reduced matrix element of the ${S}_{1/2}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{D}_{5/2}$ transition to be 12.5(4) ea02e{a}_{0}^{2}ea02​. Furthermore, we determine the transition frequency of the ${F}_{7/2}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}}^{1}D{[3/2]}_{3/2}$ at 760 nm with a $\ensuremath{\sim}$25-fold improvement in uncertainty. These measurements provide benchmarks for quantum-many-body atomic-physics calculations and provide valuable data for efforts to improve quantum information processors based on 171Yb+{}^{171}{\text{Yb}}^{+}171Yb+.
Precision spectroscopy of a trapped 173^{173}173Yb+^++ ion using a bath of ultracold atoms
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