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arXiv:2408.03670 · Journal of High Energy Physics

Information theoretic measures for Lifshitz system

Souvik Paul, Anirban Roy Chowdhury, Ashis Saha, Sunandan Gangopadhyay

Published Oct 3, 2024• 3 citations
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Abstract

A bstract In this work, we have studied various mixed state information theoretic quantities for an excited state of Lifshitz spacetime in 3 + 1-dimensions. This geometry is the gravity dual to a class of 2 + 1-dimensional quantum field theories having Lifshitz symmetry. We have holographically calculated mutual information, entanglement wedge cross section, entanglement negativity and mutual complexity for strip like subsystems at the boundary. For this we have used the results of holographic entanglement entropy and complexity present in the literature. We first calculate all of these mentioned quantities for the pure state of Lifshitz spacetime. Then we have moved on to calculate all these quantities for excited state of the Lifshitz spacetime. The gravity dual of excited state of Lifshitz systems in field theory can be obtained by applying constant perturbations along the boundary direction. Further, we would like to mention that for the simplicity of calculation we are only considering results up to the first order in perturbation. The change in the obtained holographic information theoretic quantities are then related to entanglement entropy, entanglement pressure, entanglement chemical potential and charge using the stress tensor complex. These relations are analogous to the first law of entanglement thermodynamics given earlier in the literature. All the calculations are carried out for both values of dynamical scaling exponent ( z ) present in the Lifshitz field theory.

DOI
10.1007/jhep10(2024)033

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A bstract In this work, we have studied various mixed state information theoretic quantities for an excited state of Lifshitz spacetime in 3 + 1-dimensions. This geometry is the gravity dual to a class of 2 + 1-dimensional quantum field theories having Lifshitz symmetry. We have holographically calculated mutual information, entanglement wedge cross section, entanglement negativity and mutual complexity for strip like subsystems at the boundary. For this we have used the results of holographic entanglement entropy and complexity present in the literature. We first calculate all of these mentioned quantities for the pure state of Lifshitz spacetime. Then we have moved on to calculate all these quantities for excited state of the Lifshitz spacetime. The gravity dual of excited state of Lifshitz systems in field theory can be obtained by applying constant perturbations along the boundary direction. Further, we would like to mention that for the simplicity of calculation we are only considering results up to the first order in perturbation. The change in the obtained holographic information theoretic quantities are then related to entanglement entropy, entanglement pressure, entanglement chemical potential and charge using the stress tensor complex. These relations are analogous to the first law of entanglement thermodynamics given earlier in the literature. All the calculations are carried out for both values of dynamical scaling exponent ( z ) present in the Lifshitz field theory.
A class of (2+1)-dimensional quantum many body system characterized by an anisotropic scaling symmetry (Lifshitz symmetry) near their quantum critical point can be described by a (3+1)-dimensional dual gravity theory with negative cosmological constant along with a massive vector field, where the scaling symmetry is realized by the metric as an isometry. We calculate the entanglement entropy of an excited state of such a system holographically, i.e., from the asymptotic perturbation of the gravity dual using the prescription of Ryu and Takayanagi, when the subsystem is sufficiently small. With suitable identifications, we show that this entanglement entropy satisfies an energy conservation relation analogous to the first law of thermodynamics. The non-trivial massive vector field here plays a crucial role and contributes to an additional term in the energy relation.
Entanglement entropy is a proposal to quantify quantum entanglement of two disjoint regions in a pure system. It is a relatively new topic and is developing rapidly. The current main motives to study it are its applications to studying quantum gravity, thermalization and phase transitions in condensed matter systems. Mutual information is a related quantity and it can be used to measure the amount of information two disjoint regions share. The purpose of this thesis is to give an introduction to the general results of the field without considering specific systems. The two prominent approaches used are two-dimensional conformal field theory and the holographic entanglement entropy conjecture. The first approach is to calculate entanglement entropy using conformal field theory, the results of which are known to be exact although technically more difficult to derive and only available for 1+1 dimensional systems. Both static and dynamic systems will be discussed. The results are reproduced and generalized to higher dimensions using holography. As a more recent topic, the holographic approach is used to rederive the entanglement entropy of systems with a Fermi surface using AdS/Vaidya metric with Lifshitz scaling and hyperscaling violation. The final chapter of the thesis discusses mutual information in various static and dynamic cases considered in the previous chapters. For the first time, the evolution of mutual information is calculated in AdS/Vaidya metric with Lifshitz scaling and hyperscaling violation in the critical theta=d-1 case.
Abstract We evaluate the entanglement wedge cross section (EWCS) in asymptotically AdS geometries which are dual to boundary excited states. We carry out a perturbative analysis for calculating EWCS between the vacuum and other states for a symmetric configuration consisting of two disjoint strips and obtain analytical results in the specific regimes of the parameter space. In particular, when the states described by purely gravitational excitations in the bulk we find that the leading correction to EWCS is negative and hence the correlation between the boundary subregions decreases. We also study other types of excitations upon adding the extra matter fields including current and scalar condensate. Our study reveals some generic properties of boundary information measures dual to EWCS, e.g., entanglement of purification, logarithmic negativity and reflected entropy. Finally, we discuss how these results are consistent with the behavior of other correlation measures including the holographic mutual information.
Abstract In this paper, we explore the properties of holographic entanglement entropy (HEE), mutual information (MI) and entanglement of purification (EoP) in holographic Lifshitz theory. These informational quantities exhibit some universal properties of holographic dual field theory. For most configuration parameters and temperatures, these informational quantities change monotonically with the Lifshitz dynamical critical exponent z. However, we also observe some non-monotonic behaviors for these informational quantities in some specific spaces of configuration parameters and temperatures. A particularly interesting phenomenon is that a dome-shaped diagram emerges in the behavior of MI vs z, and correspondingly a trapezoid-shaped profile appears in that of EoP vs z. This means that for some specific configuration parameters and temperatures, the system measured in terms of MI and EoP is entangled only in a certain intermediate range of z.
For holographic CFT states near the vacuum, entanglement entropies for spatial subsystems can be expressed perturbatively as an expansion in the one-point functions of local operators dual to light bulk fields. Using the connection between quantum Fisher information for CFT states and canonical energy for the dual spacetimes, we describe a general formula for this expansion up to second-order in the one-point functions, for an arbitrary ball-shaped region, extending the first-order result given by the entanglement first law. For two-dimensional CFTs, we use this to derive a completely explicit formula for the second-order contribution to the entanglement entropy from the stress tensor. We show that this stress tensor formula can be reproduced by a direct CFT calculation for states related to the vacuum by a local conformal transformation. This result can also be reproduced via the perturbative solution to a non-linear scalar wave equation on an auxiliary de Sitter spacetime, extending the first-order result in arXiv:1509.00113 .
We carry out a systematic study of entanglement entropy in nonrelativistic conformal field theories via holographic techniques. After a discussion of recent results concerning Galilean conformal field theories, we deduce a novel expression for the entanglement entropy of (1+11+11+1)-dimensional Lifshitz field theories---this is done both at zero and finite temperature. Based on these results, we pose a conjecture for the anomaly coefficient of a Lifshitz field theory dual to new massive gravity. It is found that the Lifshitz entanglement entropy at finite temperature displays a striking similarity with that corresponding to a flat space cosmology in three dimensions. We claim that this structure is an inherent feature of the entanglement entropy for nonrelativistic conformal field theories. We finish by exploring the behavior of the mutual information for such theories.