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arXiv:2407.19109 · Physical Review Applied

Microwave-optical entanglement from pulse-pumped electro-optomechanics

Changchun Zhong, Fangxin Li, Srujan Meesala, Steven Wood, David P. Lake, Oskar J. Painter, Liang Jiang

Published Dec 13, 2024• 7 citations
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Abstract

Entangling microwave and optical photons is one of the promising ways to realize quantum transduction through quantum teleportation. This paper investigates the entanglement of microwave-optical photon pairs generated from an electro-optomechanical system driven by a blue-detuned pulsed Gaussian pump. The photon pairs are obtained through weak parametric-down-conversion, and their temporal correlation is revealed by the second-order correlation function. We then study the discrete variable entanglement encoded in the time-bin degree of freedom, where entanglement is identified by Bell-inequality violation. Furthermore, we estimate the laser-induced heating and show that the pulse-pumped system features lower heating effects while maintaining a reasonable coincidence photon-counting rate.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.22.064047

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Entangling microwave and optical photons is one of the promising ways to realize quantum transduction through quantum teleportation. This paper investigates the entanglement of microwave-optical photon pairs generated from an electro-optomechanical system driven by a blue-detuned pulsed Gaussian pump. The photon pairs are obtained through weak parametric-down-conversion, and their temporal correlation is revealed by the second-order correlation function. We then study the discrete variable entanglement encoded in the time-bin degree of freedom, where entanglement is identified by Bell-inequality violation. Furthermore, we estimate the laser-induced heating and show that the pulse-pumped system features lower heating effects while maintaining a reasonable coincidence photon-counting rate.
Quantum transduction between microwaves and optics can be realized by quantum teleportation if given reliable microwave-optical entanglement, namely, entanglement-based quantum transduction. To realize this protocol, an entangled source with a high fidelity between the two frequencies is necessary. In this paper, we study microwave and optical entanglement generation based on a generic cavity electro-optomechanical system in the strong coupling regime. Splittings are shown in the microwave and optical output spectra and the frequency entanglement between the two modes is quantified. We show that entanglement can be straightforwardly encoded in the frequency-bin degree of freedom and propose a feasible experiment to verify entangled photon pairs. The experimental implementation is systematically analyzed, and the preferable parameter regime for entanglement verification is identified. An inequality is given as a criterion for good entanglement verification with analysis of practical imperfections.
Quantum transduction refers to the coherent conversion between microwave and optical states, which can be achieved by quantum teleportation if given high-fidelity microwave-optical entanglement, namely entanglement-based quantum transduction. Reliable microwave-optical entanglement can be generated using various platforms. In this paper we base the discussion on a piezo-optomechanical system and make the teleportation induced conversion scheme more concrete in the framework of quantum channel theory. By comparing the quantum capacity between the entanglement-based conversion channel and the traditional direct quantum transduction channel, we show that the entanglement-based scheme indeed admits a positive transduction rate when the direct quantum transduction has zero quantum capacity. Given two piezo-optomechanical systems, we also investigate the generation of microwave-microwave entanglement from entanglement swapping within continuous-variable and discrete-variable settings, showing the potentials of directly connecting microwave quantum processors by microwave-microwave quantum teleportation.
Quantum transduction refers to the coherent conversion between microwave and optical states, which can be achieved by quantum teleportation if given high fidelity microwave-optical entanglement, namely entanglement-based quantum transduction. Reliable microwave-optical entanglement can be generated using various platforms. In this paper, we base the discussion on piezo-optomechanical system and make the teleportation induced conversion scheme more concrete in the framework of quantum channel theory. By comparing the quantum capacity between the entanglement-based conversion channel and the traditional direct quantum transduction channel, we show entanglement-based scheme indeed admits a positive transduction rate when the direct quantum transduction has zero quantum capacity. Given two piezo-optomechanical systems, we also investigate the generation of microwave-microwave entanglement from entanglement swapping within continuous variable and discrete variable settings, showing the potentials of directly connecting microwave quantum processor by microwave-microwave quantum teleportation.
Microwave-optical quantum transduction can be achieved via quantum teleportation using microwave-optical photon Bell pairs. The standard spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) has to trade off between generation fidelity and probability due to unwanted higher-excitation pairs in the output. In this work, we propose a pulsed SPDC scheme that employs strong Kerr nonlinearity in the microwave mode. This nonlinearity causes significant detuning of higher excitations due to the anharmonicity of energy levels, and the system can be pulse-driven to produce single-photon pairs in the output. Our pulsed nonlinear approach can generate high-fidelity Bell pairs with high probability, alleviating the trade-off between fidelity and probability inherent in traditional SPDC schemes. We optimize both the pulse width and driving strength, demonstrating that our protocol outperforms the SPDC scheme in a realistic setting of finite nonlinearity and intrinsic photon loss.
Entanglement is an extraordinary feature of quantum mechanics. Sources of entangled optical photons were essential to test the foundations of quantum physics through violations of Bell’s inequalities. More recently, entangled many-body states have been realized via strong nonlinear interactions in microwave circuits with superconducting qubits. Here, we demonstrate a chip-scale source of entangled optical and microwave photonic qubits. Our device platform integrates a piezo-optomechanical transducer with a superconducting resonator which is robust under optical illumination. We drive a photon-pair generation process and employ a dual-rail encoding intrinsic to our system to prepare entangled states of microwave and optical photons. We place a lower bound on the fidelity of the entangled state by measuring microwave and optical photons in two orthogonal bases. This entanglement source can directly interface telecom wavelength time-bin qubits and gigahertz frequency superconducting qubits, two well-established platforms for quantum communication and computation, respectively. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
The coherent conversion between microwave and optical photons, known as quantum transduction, is critical for connecting superconducting processors to optical networks. Existing methods are limited by complications associated with optical pumping. We propose a pump-free microwave-optical Bell-pair source for teleportation-based transduction. Using a spin or atomic system resonantly coupled to optical and microwave cavities, the scheme generates loss-robust heralded Bell pairs. Across color centers, atomic ensembles, and phonon-mediated systems, this assembly achieves kilohertz-range heralding rates with high fidelity.