Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2407.08194 · Physical Review Letters

Uncovering Emergent Spacetime Supersymmetry with Rydberg Atom Arrays

Chengshu Li, Shang Liu, Hanteng Wang, Wenjun Zhang, Zixiang Li, Hui Zhai, Yingfei Gu

Published Nov 25, 2024• 17 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In the zoo of emergent symmetries in quantum many-body physics, the previously unrealized emergent spacetime supersymmetry (SUSY) is particularly intriguing. Although it was known that spacetime SUSY could emerge at the (1+1)d tricritical Ising transition, an experimental realization is still absent. In this Letter, we propose to realize emergent spacetime SUSY using reconfigurable Rydberg atom arrays featuring two distinct sets of Rydberg excitations, tailored for implementation on dual-species platforms. In such systems, the spacetime SUSY manifests itself in the respective correlation functions of a bosonic mode and its fermionic partner. However, the correlation function of the fermionic mode inevitably involves a string operator, making direct measurement challenging in the conventional setting. Here, we leverage the hybrid analog-digital nature of the Rydberg atom arrays, which allows for the simulation of a physical Hamiltonian and the execution of a digital quantum circuit on the same platform. This hybrid protocol offers a new perspective for uncovering the hidden structure of emergent spacetime SUSY.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.133.223401

Related papers

Supersymmetry dynamics on Rydberg atom arrays

Shuo Liu, Zhengzhi Wu, Shi‐Xin Zhang +1 more

Spacetime supersymmetry (SUSY) that interchanges fermions and bosons is of great theoretical importance but has not yet been revealed experimentally in particle physics. It has also been desired to explore quantum-mechanical SUSY in microscopic lattice models. Inspired by the recent experiments of Floquet engineering of Rydberg atom arrays, we propose to simulate quantum mechanical supersymmetric model and realize quantum mechanical SUSY in Floquet Rydberg atom arrays. Moreover, we utilize the supercharge dynamics to demonstrate the SUSY property of the model under investigation: the expectation value of supercharge freezes under time evolution for supersymmetric lattice models in contrast to the trivial oscillation for generic nonsupersymmetric lattice models. The proposal is validated on direct simulation of Rydberg atom arrays' dynamics and ready for experiments. This work sheds light on the future experimental exploration of SUSY with the help of Rydberg atom arrays.

arXiv:2410.21386•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jun 23, 2025•3 citations

Unleashing Emergent Fermions with Rydberg Atom Simulators

Hanteng Wang, Xingyu Li, Shang Liu +2 more

Rydberg atom simulators, in both analog and digital modes, have attracted significant recent interest due to their versatile geometric reconfigurability. In this work, leveraging this feature, we propose two complementary approaches, one for each mode, to characterize emergent fermions in critical quantum many-body systems. In the analog mode, we assemble the Rydberg atoms in a "developable" (namely, preserving local couplings) Möbius band geometry to realize antiperiodic boundary conditions, where fermionic states reside. Spectroscopic measurement in this sector then reveals universal energy ratios of the bosonic and fermionic states. In the digital mode, we carry out a fermionic version of Kibble-Zurek ramping with a quantum circuit, directly addressing the fermionic scaling form. Reconfigurability allows an exponential speed-up of this task, with an $O(\log L\log\log L)$ circuit-depth overhead. Our work establishes the Rydberg atom simulator as a uniquely powerful platform to attack the notoriously difficult issue of experimentally probing emergent fermions that are nonlocally defined in a bosonic system.

cond-mat.quant-gasCross-listedarXiv:2606.19444•Jun 19, 2026•0 citations

Nonequilibrium critical dynamics with emergent supersymmetry

Zhi Zeng, Yin-Kai Yu, Zixiang Li +1 more

Proposed as an elegant symmetry relating bosons and fermions, spacetime supersymmetry (SUSY) has been actively pursued in both particle physics and emergent phenomena in quantum critical points (QCP) of topological quantum materials. However, how SUSY casts the light on nonequilibrium dynamics remains open. In this letter, we investigate the Kibble-Zurek dynamics across a QCP with emergent $\mathcal{N}=2$ spacetime SUSY between the Dirac semimetal and a superconductor through large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulation. The scaling behaviors in the whole driven process are uncovered to satisfy the full finite-time scaling (FTS) forms. More crucially, we demonstrate that the emergent SUSY manifests in the intimate relation between the FTS behaviors of fermionic and bosonic observables, namely the fermions and bosons acquire the identical anomalous dimensions. Our work not only brings a fundamental new ingredient into the critical theory with SUSY, but also provide the theoretical guidance to experimental detect of QCP with emergent SUSY from the perspectives of Kibble-Zurek mechanism and FTS.

arXiv:2408.06138•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jul 23, 2025•8 citations

Phase diagram of a dual-species Rydberg atom ladder

Lei-Yi-Nan Liu, Shi-Rong Peng, Ze-Yuan Huang +4 more

Dual-species Rydberg atom arrays extend single-species platforms by introducing competing interaction scales and enhanced quantum fluctuations, enabling phenomena beyond homogeneous settings. In this work, we study the ground-state phase diagram of a one-dimensional dual-species Rydberg atom ladder using large-scale density-matrix renormalization group calculations. We identify disordered phases, multiple ordered phases with $\mathbb{Z}_2$, $\mathbb{Z}_3$, and $\mathbb{Z}_4$ symmetry, as well as floating phases characterized by incommensurate wave vectors and algebraically decaying correlations. Importantly, we observe a smooth crossover between distinct $\mathbb{Z}_2$-ordered regimes, reflecting a reorganization of low-energy degrees of freedom rather than a true phase transition, which is absent in single-species Rydberg arrays. We further uncover a multi-critical point at the boundary between the $\mathbb{Z}_2 \otimes \mathbb{Z}_2$ and $\mathbb{Z}_3 \otimes \mathbb{Z}_3$ ordered phases, where Ising, chiral, and first-order transition lines intersect. Our results demonstrate that dual-species Rydberg atom arrays provide a unique platform for realizing crossover physics and multi-critical behavior inaccessible in single-species architectures.

cond-mat.quant-gasCross-listedarXiv:2604.24889•Apr 29, 2026•0 citations

Emergent Z 2 Gauge Theories and Topological Excitations in Rydberg Atom Arrays

Rhine Samajdar, Darshan G. Joshi, Yanting Teng +1 more

Strongly interacting arrays of Rydberg atoms provide versatile platforms for exploring exotic many-body phases and dynamics of correlated quantum systems. Motivated by recent experimental advances, we show that the combination of Rydberg interactions and appropriate lattice geometries naturally leads to emergent Z_{2} gauge theories endowed with matter fields. Based on this mapping, we describe how Rydberg platforms could realize two distinct classes of topological Z_{2} quantum spin liquids, which differ in their patterns of translational symmetry fractionalization. We also discuss the natures of the fractionalized excitations of these Z_{2} spin liquid states using both fermionic and bosonic parton theories and illustrate their rich interplay with proximate solid phases.

arXiv:2204.00632•Physical Review Letters•Jan 23, 2023•59 citations

Quantum simulation of the Heisenberg XXZ model on a Rydberg atom array

Matthias Werner, Artur García-Sáez

A major application of analog quantum hardware is quantum simulation, where a system evolves over time according to a given Hamiltonian. One challenge when implementing the Hamiltonian on a programmable quantum simulator is the availability of distinct coupling types, many of which go beyond the conventional ZZ-couplings found in Ising Hamiltonians that are naturally implemented by various platforms. In prior work, we have developed a method based on domain wall encoding to simulate one-dimensional spin chains using only Ising Hamiltonians, which would otherwise require XX+YY-couplings as well. Here, we implement the method on a commercially accessible Rydberg atom quantum device, and simulate the time evolution of the Heisenberg XXZ model with various anisotropies. We successfully probe the XY and Ising phases of the model and reproduce the qualitative behavior of several one- and two-body observables in both phases, as well as at the critical point. Our work augments the toolbox to simulate canonical quantum many-body systems on analog quantum simulators.

quant-pharXiv:2610.10357•Oct 8, 2026•0 citations
In the zoo of emergent symmetries in quantum many-body physics, the previously unrealized emergent spacetime supersymmetry (SUSY) is particularly intriguing. Although it was known that spacetime SUSY could emerge at the (1+1)d tricritical Ising transition, an experimental realization is still absent. In this Letter, we propose to realize emergent spacetime SUSY using reconfigurable Rydberg atom arrays featuring two distinct sets of Rydberg excitations, tailored for implementation on dual-species platforms. In such systems, the spacetime SUSY manifests itself in the respective correlation functions of a bosonic mode and its fermionic partner. However, the correlation function of the fermionic mode inevitably involves a string operator, making direct measurement challenging in the conventional setting. Here, we leverage the hybrid analog-digital nature of the Rydberg atom arrays, which allows for the simulation of a physical Hamiltonian and the execution of a digital quantum circuit on the same platform. This hybrid protocol offers a new perspective for uncovering the hidden structure of emergent spacetime SUSY.
Spacetime supersymmetry (SUSY) that interchanges fermions and bosons is of great theoretical importance but has not yet been revealed experimentally in particle physics. It has also been desired to explore quantum-mechanical SUSY in microscopic lattice models. Inspired by the recent experiments of Floquet engineering of Rydberg atom arrays, we propose to simulate quantum mechanical supersymmetric model and realize quantum mechanical SUSY in Floquet Rydberg atom arrays. Moreover, we utilize the supercharge dynamics to demonstrate the SUSY property of the model under investigation: the expectation value of supercharge freezes under time evolution for supersymmetric lattice models in contrast to the trivial oscillation for generic nonsupersymmetric lattice models. The proposal is validated on direct simulation of Rydberg atom arrays' dynamics and ready for experiments. This work sheds light on the future experimental exploration of SUSY with the help of Rydberg atom arrays.
Rydberg atom simulators, in both analog and digital modes, have attracted significant recent interest due to their versatile geometric reconfigurability. In this work, leveraging this feature, we propose two complementary approaches, one for each mode, to characterize emergent fermions in critical quantum many-body systems. In the analog mode, we assemble the Rydberg atoms in a "developable" (namely, preserving local couplings) Möbius band geometry to realize antiperiodic boundary conditions, where fermionic states reside. Spectroscopic measurement in this sector then reveals universal energy ratios of the bosonic and fermionic states. In the digital mode, we carry out a fermionic version of Kibble-Zurek ramping with a quantum circuit, directly addressing the fermionic scaling form. Reconfigurability allows an exponential speed-up of this task, with an O(log⁡Llog⁡log⁡L)O(\log L\log\log L)O(logLloglogL) circuit-depth overhead. Our work establishes the Rydberg atom simulator as a uniquely powerful platform to attack the notoriously difficult issue of experimentally probing emergent fermions that are nonlocally defined in a bosonic system.
Proposed as an elegant symmetry relating bosons and fermions, spacetime supersymmetry (SUSY) has been actively pursued in both particle physics and emergent phenomena in quantum critical points (QCP) of topological quantum materials. However, how SUSY casts the light on nonequilibrium dynamics remains open. In this letter, we investigate the Kibble-Zurek dynamics across a QCP with emergent N=2\mathcal{N}=2N=2 spacetime SUSY between the Dirac semimetal and a superconductor through large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulation. The scaling behaviors in the whole driven process are uncovered to satisfy the full finite-time scaling (FTS) forms. More crucially, we demonstrate that the emergent SUSY manifests in the intimate relation between the FTS behaviors of fermionic and bosonic observables, namely the fermions and bosons acquire the identical anomalous dimensions. Our work not only brings a fundamental new ingredient into the critical theory with SUSY, but also provide the theoretical guidance to experimental detect of QCP with emergent SUSY from the perspectives of Kibble-Zurek mechanism and FTS.
Dual-species Rydberg atom arrays extend single-species platforms by introducing competing interaction scales and enhanced quantum fluctuations, enabling phenomena beyond homogeneous settings. In this work, we study the ground-state phase diagram of a one-dimensional dual-species Rydberg atom ladder using large-scale density-matrix renormalization group calculations. We identify disordered phases, multiple ordered phases with Z2\mathbb{Z}_2Z2​, Z3\mathbb{Z}_3Z3​, and Z4\mathbb{Z}_4Z4​ symmetry, as well as floating phases characterized by incommensurate wave vectors and algebraically decaying correlations. Importantly, we observe a smooth crossover between distinct Z2\mathbb{Z}_2Z2​-ordered regimes, reflecting a reorganization of low-energy degrees of freedom rather than a true phase transition, which is absent in single-species Rydberg arrays. We further uncover a multi-critical point at the boundary between the Z2⊗Z2\mathbb{Z}_2 \otimes \mathbb{Z}_2Z2​⊗Z2​ and Z3⊗Z3\mathbb{Z}_3 \otimes \mathbb{Z}_3Z3​⊗Z3​ ordered phases, where Ising, chiral, and first-order transition lines intersect. Our results demonstrate that dual-species Rydberg atom arrays provide a unique platform for realizing crossover physics and multi-critical behavior inaccessible in single-species architectures.
Strongly interacting arrays of Rydberg atoms provide versatile platforms for exploring exotic many-body phases and dynamics of correlated quantum systems. Motivated by recent experimental advances, we show that the combination of Rydberg interactions and appropriate lattice geometries naturally leads to emergent Z_{2} gauge theories endowed with matter fields. Based on this mapping, we describe how Rydberg platforms could realize two distinct classes of topological Z_{2} quantum spin liquids, which differ in their patterns of translational symmetry fractionalization. We also discuss the natures of the fractionalized excitations of these Z_{2} spin liquid states using both fermionic and bosonic parton theories and illustrate their rich interplay with proximate solid phases.
A major application of analog quantum hardware is quantum simulation, where a system evolves over time according to a given Hamiltonian. One challenge when implementing the Hamiltonian on a programmable quantum simulator is the availability of distinct coupling types, many of which go beyond the conventional ZZ-couplings found in Ising Hamiltonians that are naturally implemented by various platforms. In prior work, we have developed a method based on domain wall encoding to simulate one-dimensional spin chains using only Ising Hamiltonians, which would otherwise require XX+YY-couplings as well. Here, we implement the method on a commercially accessible Rydberg atom quantum device, and simulate the time evolution of the Heisenberg XXZ model with various anisotropies. We successfully probe the XY and Ising phases of the model and reproduce the qualitative behavior of several one- and two-body observables in both phases, as well as at the critical point. Our work augments the toolbox to simulate canonical quantum many-body systems on analog quantum simulators.