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arXiv:2407.06108

Dual approach to soft-core anyonic Lieb-Liniger fluids

Gerard Valentí-Rojas, Patrik Öhberg

Published Jul 8, 2024• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The identity of quantum matter can be effectively altered by means of gauge fields. In two spatial dimensions this is illustrated by the Chern-Simons flux-attachment mechanism, but such a mechanism is not possible in lower dimensions. Here, we study a one-dimensional interacting Bose gas in the presence of a gauge field. This model can be explicitly mapped into an interacting anyonic system by a large gauge transformation, indicating a statistical transmutation analogous to that of Chern-Simons. The Bogoliubov spectrum in the weakly-interacting limit reveals the presence of a roton minimum arising from the statistical interaction. At a mean-field level chiral solitons are recovered. Should these be understood as quantum bound states, it is natural to interpret them as corresponding to localised anyonic quasiparticles. Hydrodynamic arguments highlight the presence of dispersive chiral shock waves in the propagation of a wavepacket due to a Riemann-Hopf nonlinearity. Numerical calculations show the presence of both chiral soliton trains and shock waves.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2407.06108

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The identity of quantum matter can be effectively altered by means of gauge fields. In two spatial dimensions this is illustrated by the Chern-Simons flux-attachment mechanism, but such a mechanism is not possible in lower dimensions. Here, we study a one-dimensional interacting Bose gas in the presence of a gauge field. This model can be explicitly mapped into an interacting anyonic system by a large gauge transformation, indicating a statistical transmutation analogous to that of Chern-Simons. The Bogoliubov spectrum in the weakly-interacting limit reveals the presence of a roton minimum arising from the statistical interaction. At a mean-field level chiral solitons are recovered. Should these be understood as quantum bound states, it is natural to interpret them as corresponding to localised anyonic quasiparticles. Hydrodynamic arguments highlight the presence of dispersive chiral shock waves in the propagation of a wavepacket due to a Riemann-Hopf nonlinearity. Numerical calculations show the presence of both chiral soliton trains and shock waves.
Topological field theories emerge at low energy in strongly correlated condensed matter systems and appear in the context of planar gravity.In particular, the study of Chern-Simons terms gives rise to the concept of flux attachment when the gauge field is coupled to matter, yielding flux-charge composites.We investigate the generation of flux attachment in a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of nonlinear synthetic gauge potentials.In doing so, we identify the U (1) Chern-Simons gauge field as a singular density-dependent gauge potential, which in turn can be expressed as a Berry connection.We envisage a proof-of-concept scheme where the artificial gauge field is perturbatively induced by an effective light-matter detuning created by interparticle interactions.At a mean field level, we recover the action of a "charged" superfluid minimally coupled to both a background and a Chern-Simons gauge field.Remarkably, a localized density perturbation in combination with a nonlinear gauge potential gives rise to an effective composite boson model of fractional quantum Hall effect, displaying anyonic vortices.
We unveil a duality that extends the notions of both flux attachment and statistical transmutation in spacetime dimensions beyond (2+12+12+1)D. Thus, a quantum system in arbitrary dimensions can experience a modification of its statistical properties if coupled to a certain gauge field. For instance, a bosonic quantum fluid can feature composite fermionic (or anyonic) excitations when coupled to a statistical gauge field. We compute the explicit form of the aforementioned synthetic gauge fields in $\text{D}\ensuremath{\le}3+1$. We introduce a bosonic liquid and its composite dual in (1+11+11+1)D as proof of principle. We recover well-known results, resolve old controversies, and suggest a microscopic mechanism for the emergence of such a gauge field. We also outline potential directions for experimental realizations in ultracold atom platforms.
Abstract The composite particle duality extends the notions of both flux attachment and statistical transmutation in spacetime dimensions beyond 2 + 1D. It constitutes an exact correspondence that can be understood either as a theoretical framework or as a dynamical physical mechanism. The immediate implication of the duality is that an interacting quantum system in arbitrary dimensions can experience a modification of its statistical properties if coupled to a certain gauge field. In other words, commutation relations of quantum fields can be effectively modified by a dynamical physical process. For instance, an originally bosonic quantum fluid in d spatial dimensions can feature composite fermionic (or anyonic) excitations when coupled to a statistical gauge field. In 3 + 1D the mechanism of flux attachment induces a dynamical formation of dyons as higher-dimensional analogues of Laughlin quasiparticles. In 1 + 1D there is lack of flux attachment but a remnant in the form of a statistical gauge field can be explicitly constructed. We also introduce a family of interacting quantum many-body systems that undergo statistical transmutation as indicated by the duality. This opens the door to a new realm of topological phases across dimensions both in lattice and continuum systems.
Topological gauge theories provide powerful effective descriptions of certain strongly correlated systems, a prime example being the Chern-Simons gauge theory of fractional quantum Hall states.Engineering topological gauge theories in controlled quantum systems is of both conceptual and practical importance, as it would provide access to systems with exotic excitations such as anyons without the need for strong correlations.Here, we discuss a scheme to engineer the chiral BF theory, a minimal model of a topological gauge theory corresponding to a one-dimensional reduction of the Chern-Simons theory, with ultracold atoms.Using the local conservation laws of the theory, we encode its quantum Hamiltonian into an ultracold quantum gas with chiral interactions.Building on a seminal proposal by Edmonds et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 085301 (2013)], we show how to implement it in a Raman-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with imbalanced scattering lengths, as we have recently realized experimentally [Frölian et al., Nature (London) 608, 293 (2022)]. We discuss the properties of the chiral condensate from a gauge theory perspective and assess the validity of the effective quantum description for accessible experimental parameters via numerical simulations.Our approach lays the foundation for realizing topological gauge theories in higher dimensions with Bose-Einstein condensates.
A variety of analytical approaches have been developed for the study of quantum spin systems in two dimensions, the notable ones being spin-waves, slave boson/fermion parton constructions, and for lattices with one-to-one local correspondence of faces and vertices, the two-dimensional (2D) Jordan-Wigner (JW) fermionization. Field-theoretically, JW fermionization is implemented through Chern-Simons (CS) flux attachment. For a correct fermionization of lattice quantum spin-1/21/21/2 magnets, it is necessary that the fermions obey mutual bosonic (anyonic) statistics under exchange---this is not possible to implement on arbitrary 2D lattices if fermionic matter couples only to the lattice gauge fields. Enlarging the gauge degrees of freedom to include the dual lattice allows the construction of consistent mutual Chern-Simons field theories. Here we propose a mutual CS theory where the microscopic (spin) degrees of freedom are represented as lattice fermionic matter additionally coupled to specific combinations of dual lattice gauge fields that depend on the local geometry. We illustrate the use of this method for understanding the properties of a honeycomb Kitaev model subjected to a strong Zeeman field in the zzz-direction. Our CS gauge theory framework provides an understanding of why the topological phase is degraded at lower (higher) critical fields for the ferromagnetic (antiferromagnetic) Kitaev interaction. Additionally, we observe an effectively one-dimensional character of the low excitations at higher fields in the zzz-direction, which we also confirm by spin-wave calculations.