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arXiv:2406.17321 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Shortcut to adiabaticity improvement of STIRAP based qubit rotation

Khayla Black, Brian Yong-Ho Lee, Xi Chen, Tim Byrnes

Published Sep 25, 2025• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Robust quantum control is essential for the development of quantum computers, which rely on precise manipulation of qubits. One form of quantum control is stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), which ordinarily is a state transfer protocol but was extended by Kis and Renzoni (2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 032318) to perform qubit rotations. Shortcut methods to adiabaticity for STIRAP have been shown to speed up adiabatic processes, beyond the adiabatic criterion, with high fidelity. Here, we apply shortcut to adiabaticity methods to the STIRAP qubit rotation scheme to improve the performance of quantum logic gates. The scheme can be implemented via direct connections between ground states in a 4-level Λ system or effective connections in a 5-level Λ system with modified pulses that implement transitionless quantum driving via the addition of a counterdiabatic driving term. We show that the extended shortcut to adiabaticity method serves to improve the fidelity of qubit rotations in the diabatic regime.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8121/ae0bca

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Abstract Robust quantum control is essential for the development of quantum computers, which rely on precise manipulation of qubits. One form of quantum control is stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), which ordinarily is a state transfer protocol but was extended by Kis and Renzoni (2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 032318) to perform qubit rotations. Shortcut methods to adiabaticity for STIRAP have been shown to speed up adiabatic processes, beyond the adiabatic criterion, with high fidelity. Here, we apply shortcut to adiabaticity methods to the STIRAP qubit rotation scheme to improve the performance of quantum logic gates. The scheme can be implemented via direct connections between ground states in a 4-level Λ system or effective connections in a 5-level Λ system with modified pulses that implement transitionless quantum driving via the addition of a counterdiabatic driving term. We show that the extended shortcut to adiabaticity method serves to improve the fidelity of qubit rotations in the diabatic regime.
Accurate control of a quantum system is a fundamental requirement in many areas of modern science ranging from quantum information processing to high-precision measurements. A significantly important goal in quantum control is preparing a desired state as fast as possible, with sufficiently high fidelity allowed by available resources and experimental constraints. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a robust way to realize high-fidelity state transfer but it requires a sufficiently long operation time to satisfy the adiabatic criteria. Here we theoretically propose and then experimentally demonstrate a shortcut-to-adiabatic protocol to speed-up the STIRAP. By modifying the shapes of the Raman pulses, we experimentally realize a fast and high-fidelity stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage that is robust against control parameter variations. The all-optical, robust and fast protocol demonstrated here provides an efficient and practical way to control quantum systems.
Abstract Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a widely used protocol to realize high-fidelity and robust quantum control in various quantum systems. However, further application of this protocol in superconducting qubits is limited by population leakage caused by the only weak anharmonicity. Here, we introduce an optimally controlled shortcut-to-adiabatic (STA) technique to speed-up the STIRAP protocol in a superconducting qudit. By modifying the shapes of the STIRAP pulses, we experimentally realize a fast (32 ns) and high-fidelity (0.996 ± 0.005) quantum state transfer. In addition, we demonstrate that our protocol is robust against control parameter perturbations. Our stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage transition provides an efficient and practical approach for quantum information processing.
Multistate stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a process which allows for adiabatic population transfer between the two ends of a chainwise-connected quantum system. The process requires large temporal areas of the driving pulsed fields (pump and Stokes) in order to suppress the nonadiabatic couplings and thereby to make adiabatic evolution possible. To this end, in the present paper a variation of multistate STIRAP, which accelerates and improves the population transfer, is presented. In addition to the usual pump and Stokes fields it uses shortcut fields applied between the states, which form the dark state of the system. The shortcuts cancel the couplings between the dark state and the other adiabatic states thereby resulting (in the ideal case) in a unit transition probability between the two end states of the chain. Specific examples of five-state systems formed of the magnetic sublevels of the transitions between two degenerate levels with angular momenta Jg=2{J}_{g}=2Jg​=2 (of ground or lower level) and Je=1{J}_{e}=1Je​=1 or Je=2{J}_{e}=2Je​=2 (of excited or upper level) are considered in detail, for which the shortcut fields are derived analytically. The proposed method is simpler than the usual ``shortcuts to adiabaticity'' recipe, which prescribes shortcut fields between all states of the system, while the present proposal uses shortcut fields between the sublevels forming the dark state only. The results are of potential interest in applications where high-fidelity quantum control is essential, e.g., quantum information, atom optics, formation of ultracold molecules, cavity QED, etc.
Accurate control of a quantum system is a fundamental requirement in many areas of modern science ranging from quantum information processing to high-precision measurements. A significantly important goal in quantum control is to prepare a desired state as fast as possible with sufficiently high fidelity allowed by available resources and experimental constraints. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a robust way to realize high-fidelity state transfer but it requires a sufficiently long operation time to satisfy the adiabatic criteria. We here theoretically propose and then experimentally demonstrate a shortcut-to-adiabatic protocol to speed up the STIRAP. By modifying the shapes of the Raman pulses, we experimentally realize a fast and high-fidelity stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage that is robust against control parameter variations. The all-optical, robust, and fast protocol demonstrated here provides an efficient and practical way to control quantum systems.
By definition, quantum adiabatic process means a slow process which allows the state to follow the instantaneous eigenstates of time-dependent Hamiltonian. For some reasons, for example, to avoid the decoherence effects, or to implement large-scale quantum information processing, we may want to speed up the adiabatic process, that is, to achieve the adiabatic-like control but in very short time. In this talk, we present new methods to speeded-up expansion and transport of cold atoms in a harmonic trap. Such shortcuts to adiabaticity provide the fast expansion or transport, in which the final atomic state is the same as in the adiabatic process, but in arbitrarily short time, keeping the same populations of vibrational levels in the initial and final trap. These methods can also be generalized to Bose-Einstein Condensates. Moreover, we present shortcuts to adiabatic passage from one internal atomic state to another in twoor three-level atoms. In detail, we can apply Berry’s transitionless quantum driving method and invariant-based inverse engineering method to accelerate the Rapid Adiabatic Passage (RAP) and Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) in twoand three-level atomic systems, respectively. We also examine and compare the stability of different schemes concerning different types of noise and system errors. Finally, we show that the technique of shortcuts to adiabaticity in two-level system can be applied in fast and robust spin flip in a quantum dot, to avoid the decoherent effects.
The promotion of efficient population inversion in single quantum systems is a useful tool in quantum information and quantum computation sciences, since it allows for the precise preparation of states and the construction of logical gates such as the Hadamard. In this work we present a protocol to accelerate the population inversion in three-level atomic systems, by using the time rescaling (TR) shortcut to adiabaticity to speed up the STIRAP (Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage) protocol. We also show that the TR method follows the same path as the reference protocol, meaning that, if the reference protocol is an adiabatic dynamics, the shortcut to adiabaticity obtained via the TR method is transitionless, similar to the one obtained from the Counterdiabatic method. This introduces simplifications in our evaluation. Finally, we discuss the fidelity and thermodynamic cost of the protocol.