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arXiv:2406.07356 · Physical Review A

Fast measurements and multiqubit gates in dual-species atomic arrays

David Petrosyan, Sam A. Norrell, C. Poole, Mark E. Saffman

Published Oct 8, 2024• 13 citations
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Abstract

We propose and analyze an approach for fast syndrome measurements in an array of rubidium and cesium atomic qubits. The scheme works by implementing an interspecies controlled-not (cnot${}_{k}$) gate, entangling one cesium ancilla qubit with $k\ensuremath{\ge}1$ rubidium qubits which are then used for state measurement. Utilizing Rydberg states with different interspecies and intraspecies interaction strengths, the proposal provides a syndrome measurement fidelity of $\mathcal{F}>0.9999$ in less than $5\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\textmu{}\mathrm{s}$ of integration time.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.042404

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•Jun 12, 2026•0 citations
We propose and analyze an approach for fast syndrome measurements in an array of rubidium and cesium atomic qubits. The scheme works by implementing an interspecies controlled-not (cnotk{}_{k}k​) gate, entangling one cesium ancilla qubit with k\ensuremath≥1k\ensuremath{\ge}1k\ensuremath≥1 rubidium qubits which are then used for state measurement. Utilizing Rydberg states with different interspecies and intraspecies interaction strengths, the proposal provides a syndrome measurement fidelity of F>0.9999\mathcal{F}>0.9999F>0.9999 in less than 5\textmus5\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\textmu{}\mathrm{s}5\textmus of integration time.
We demonstrate an inter-species entangling Rydberg gate between rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) atoms with fidelity F=0.975±0.002\mathcal F = 0.975\pm 0.002F=0.975±0.002. The two-species atom array enables in-place quantum non-demolition (QND) qubit measurements which are a key capability for quantum error correction. We demonstrate this functionality with multi-atom error syndrome measurements achieving QND measurement fidelities of FQND=0.933(12){\mathcal F}_{\rm QND} = 0.933(12)FQND​=0.933(12) and 0.865(17)0.865(17)0.865(17) for two- and three-qubit plaquettes, respectively.
The ability to locally control and measure subsets of ancilla qubits in an efficient and crosstalk-free manner is a key ingredient in quantum error correction (QEC). Dual-species neutral atom arrays offer an ideal implementation of these capabilities, enabling independent state preparation, manipulation, and detection on each species. In this work, we realize such a dual-species Rydberg array of Na and Cs atoms trapped in co-localized 2D optical tweezer arrays, using Na as an ancilla to measure stabilizers of surrounding Cs data qubits. We identify the finite interspecies Rydberg-Rydberg interaction strength as a practical obstacle to high-fidelity multi-body entanglement and show that, by tuning the Rabi frequency and the detuning of the Rydberg driving field, the resulting geometric phase error can be compensated. This yields a protocol for simultaneous, non-destructive, in situ stabilizer readout of multiple data qubits via global pulses alone. Using this protocol, we demonstrate non-destructive measurement of Pauli-Z stabilizers on four-qubit Cs plaquettes via a single global Rydberg pulse sequence. Our results demonstrate dual-species tweezer arrays as a promising route towards scalable QEC and open the door to new quantum control protocols leveraging both interspecies and intraspecies interactions.
Large-scale Rydberg atom arrays are used for highly coherent analogue quantum simulations and for digital quantum computations. However, advanced quantum protocols, such as quantum error correction, require midcircuit qubit operations, including the replenishment, reset and read-out of a subset of qubits. A compelling strategy for unlocking these capabilities is a dual-species architecture in which a second atomic species is controlled independently and entangled with the first through Rydberg interactions. Here, we realize a dual-species Rydberg array consisting of rubidium and caesium atoms and explore regimes of interactions and dynamics not accessible in single-species architectures. We achieve enhanced interspecies interactions by electrically tuning the Rydberg states close to a Förster resonance. In this regime, we demonstrate an interspecies Rydberg blockade and implement a quantum state transfer from one species to another. We then generate a Bell state between Rb and Cs hyperfine qubits through an interspecies controlled-phase gate. Finally, we combine interspecies entanglement with a native midcircuit read-out to achieve quantum non-demolition measurements. Rydberg atoms in optical tweezers are a promising platform for quantum information science. A platform composed of dual-species Rydberg arrays has been realized, offering access to unexplored interaction regimes and crosstalk-free midcircuit control.
Measurement time represents a critical bottleneck limiting the operational speed of neutral atom quantum computers, as it cannot be accelerated through parallelization like other quantum operations. We present a protocol for fast measurement of neutral atoms based on a new, fast multi-atom Rydberg gate that significantly reduces the measurement integration time and improves the measurement fidelity. Our approach employs a multi-qubit register of NNN ancilla atoms within a single Rydberg blockade region to measure a single data qubit. This enables an NNN-fold enhancement in photon emission collections, while reducing the measurement's sensitivity to loss. The scheme requires spectral separation between the data qubit and the ancillae, achievable through either a dual-species architecture or a targeted light shift. Beyond this, the scheme is straightforward to implement: it relies only on global pulses, global photon collection, and avoids both atom shuttling and numerically optimized pulses. Simulations of a Cs--Rb platform demonstrate that with only five ancillae (N=5N=5N=5), measurement infidelity below 10−310^{-3}10−3 within 6 μs6\ μ\text{s}6 μs is achievable.
Abstract The ability to locally control and measure subsets of ancilla qubits in an efficient and crosstalk-free manner is a key ingredient in quantum error correction (QEC). Dual-species neutral atom arrays offer an ideal implementation of these capabilities, enabling independent state preparation, manipulation, and detection on each species. In this work, we realize such a dual-species Rydberg array of Na and Cs atoms trapped in co-localized 2D optical tweezer arrays, using Na as an ancilla to measure stabilizers of surrounding Cs data qubits. We identify the finite interspecies Rydberg-Rydberg interaction strength as a practical obstacle to high-fidelity multi-body entanglement and show that, by tuning the Rabi frequency and the detuning of the Rydberg driving field, the resulting geometric phase error can be compensated. This yields a protocol for simultaneous, non-destructive, in-situ stabilizer readout of multiple data qubits via global pulses alone. Using this protocol, we demonstrate non-destructive measurement of Pauli-Z stabilizers on four-qubit Cs plaquettes via a single global Rydberg pulse sequence. Our results demonstrate dual-species tweezer arrays as a promising route towards scalable QEC and open the door to new quantum control protocols leveraging both interspecies and intraspecies interactions.