Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2405.10107 · Physical Review Applied

Interferometric Purcell suppression of spontaneous emission in a superconducting qubit

Alec Yen, Yufeng Ye, Kaidong Peng, Jennifer Wang, Gregory Cunningham, Michael Gingras, Bethany M. Niedzielski, Hannah Stickler, Kyle Serniak, Mollie E. Schwartz, Kevin P. O’Brien

Published Feb 27, 2025• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In superconducting qubits, suppression of spontaneous emission is essential to achieve fast dispersive measurement and reset without sacrificing qubit lifetime. We show that resonator-mediated decay of the qubit mode to the feedline can be suppressed using destructive interference, where the readout resonator is coupled to the feedline at two points. This ``interferometric Purcell filter'' does not require dedicated filter components or impedance mismatch in the feedline, making it suitable for applications such as all-pass readout. We design and fabricate a device with the proposed scheme and demonstrate suppression of resonator-mediated decay that exceeds 2 orders of magnitude over a bandwidth of $400\phantom{\rule{0.1em}{0ex}}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{Hz}$ for a resonator linewidth of 13.8 MHz.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.23.024068

Related papers

Broadband Purcell Filter for Fast Superconducting Qubit Reset and Readout

Yu Zhao, Zhixu Chen, Hanxian Liu +12 more

Rapid reset and readout of qubit states are essential for quantum error correction, yet accelerating these operations through stronger coupling to a dissipative environment inevitably increases qubit decay via the Purcell effect. Here we present a broadband Purcell filter that decouples the reset and readout paths, enabling both operations to be independently optimized without compromising qubit coherence. The filter employs two engineered notches - an intrinsic notch and a bandstop notch - to provide broadband Purcell protection, together with an additional reset stub that creates a reset mode below the protected band. To enable fast reset while suppressing filter-mediated interactions between qubits, we couple each qubit to a dedicated reset resonator. We experimentally demonstrate Purcell-limited relaxation times exceeding 1 ms across a 1.2 GHz bandwidth, simultaneously with 500 ns readout without a Josephson parametric amplifier and 100 ns reset with 99.6% efficiency. The reset resonator is designed with a deliberate kappa-chi mismatch, which suppresses photon-shot-noise-induced dephasing by a factor of 70 compared to the readout resonator. Our work provides a scalable hardware solution that resolves the traditional trade-off between fast qubit operations and qubit protection, advancing the prospects for fault-tolerant quantum computing.

quant-pharXiv:2609.14081•Sep 15, 2026•0 citations

Fast Multiplexed Superconducting-Qubit Readout with Intrinsic Purcell Filtering Using a Multiconductor Transmission Line

Peter Spring, Luka Milanovic, Yoshiki Sunada +4 more

Fast and accurate qubit measurement remains a critical challenge on the path to fault-tolerant quantum computing. In superconducting quantum circuits, fast qubit measurement has been achieved using a dispersively coupled resonator with a large externally limited linewidth. This necessitates the use of a Purcell filter that protects the qubit from relaxation through the readout channel. Here, we show that a readout resonator and filter resonator, coupled to each other both capacitively and inductively via a multiconductor transmission line, can produce a compact notch-filter circuit that effectively eliminates the Purcell decay channel through destructive interference. By utilizing linewidths as large as 42 MHz, we perform simultaneous readout of four qubits using a 56-ns integration window and benchmark an average assignment fidelity of 99.77%, with the highest qubit assignment fidelity exceeding 99.9%. Including the simulated readout ring-down time, the total readout duration was between 115 and 215 ns for the four qubits, which we anticipate can be reduced to around 100 ns with active ring-down pulse shaping. These results demonstrate a significant advancement in speed and fidelity for multiplexed superconducting-qubit readout.

arXiv:2409.04967•PRX Quantum•Jun 5, 2025•36 citations

Photon-Noise-Tolerant Dispersive Readout of a Superconducting Qubit Using a Nonlinear Purcell Filter

Yoshiki Sunada, Kenshi Yuki, Zhiling Wang +7 more

Residual noise photons in a readout resonator become a major source of dephasing for a superconducting qubit when the resonator is optimized for a fast, high-fidelity dispersive readout. Here, we propose and demonstrate a nonlinear Purcell filter that suppresses such an undesirable dephasing process without sacrificing the readout performance. When a readout pulse is applied, the filter automatically reduces the effective linewidth of the readout resonator, increasing the sensitivity of the qubit to the input field. The noise tolerance of the device we have fabricated is shown to be enhanced by a factor of 3 relative to a device with a linear filter. The measurement rate is enhanced by another factor of 3 by utilizing the bifurcation of the nonlinear filter. A readout fidelity of 99.4% and a quantum nondemolition fidelity of 99.2% are achieved using a 40-ns readout pulse. The nonlinear Purcell filter will be an effective tool for realizing a fast, high-fidelity readout without compromising the coherence time of the qubit. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

arXiv:2309.04315•PRX Quantum•Jan 19, 2024•33 citations

Characterization of broadband Purcell filters with compact footprint for fast multiplexed superconducting qubit readout

Seong Hyeon Park, Gahyun Choi, Gyunghun Kim +6 more

Engineering the admittance of external environments connected to superconducting qubits is essential, as increasing the measurement speed introduces spontaneous emission loss to superconducting qubits, known as Purcell loss. Here, we report a broadband Purcell filter within a small footprint, which effectively suppresses Purcell loss without losing the fast measurement speed. We characterize the filter's frequency response at 4.3 K and also estimate Purcell loss suppression by finite-element-method simulations of superconducting planar circuit layouts with the proposed filter design. The filter is fabricated with 200 nm-thick niobium films and shows the measured bandwidth over 790 MHz within 0.29 mm2 of compact size owing to densely packed spiral resonators. The estimated lifetime enhancement indicates the effective protection of the qubit from Purcell loss. The presented filter design is expected to be easily integrated on existing superconducting quantum circuits for fast and multiplexed readout without occupying large footprint.

arXiv:2310.13282•Applied Physics Letters•Jan 22, 2024•7 citations

Fast reset and suppressing spontaneous emission of a superconducting qubit

M. D. Reed, B. R. Johnson, Andrew Houck +5 more

Spontaneous emission through a coupled cavity can be a significant decay channel for qubits in circuit quantum electrodynamics. We present a circuit design that effectively eliminates spontaneous emission due to the Purcell effect while maintaining strong coupling to a low-Q cavity. Excellent agreement over a wide range in frequency is found between measured qubit relaxation times and the predictions of a circuit model. Using fast (nanosecond time-scale) flux biasing of the qubit, we demonstrate in situ control of qubit lifetime over a factor of 50. We realize qubit reset with 99.9% fidelity in 120 ns.

arXiv:1003.0142•Applied Physics Letters•May 17, 2010•313 citations

Sub-resonant wideband superconducting Purcell filters

Basil M. Smitham, Jeronimo G. C. Martinez, Christie Chiu +1 more

In superconducting quantum devices, Purcell filters protect qubit information from decaying into external lines by reducing external coupling at qubit frequencies while maintaining it at readout frequencies. Here, we introduce and demonstrate a novel Purcell filter design that places the readout resonator frequencies in a "linewidth plateau" below the filter's first resonant mode. This approach, based on direct admittance engineering, can simultaneously achieve strong qubit protection and nearly constant external coupling across a wide readout bandwidth, addressing the traditional tradeoff between these properties. We first present a lumped-element analysis of our filters. We then experimentally demonstrate a compact on-chip linewidth-plateau filter, coupled to four resonators across its approximately 1 GHz readout band. We compare the measured linewidths to numerical predictions, and show how the filter protects a frequency-tunable transmon qubit from external decay. We envision that our flexible design paradigm will aid in efforts to create multiplexed readout architectures for superconducting quantum circuits, with well-controlled external couplings.

arXiv:2503.10750•Mar 13, 2025•0 citations
In superconducting qubits, suppression of spontaneous emission is essential to achieve fast dispersive measurement and reset without sacrificing qubit lifetime. We show that resonator-mediated decay of the qubit mode to the feedline can be suppressed using destructive interference, where the readout resonator is coupled to the feedline at two points. This ``interferometric Purcell filter'' does not require dedicated filter components or impedance mismatch in the feedline, making it suitable for applications such as all-pass readout. We design and fabricate a device with the proposed scheme and demonstrate suppression of resonator-mediated decay that exceeds 2 orders of magnitude over a bandwidth of 400MHz400\phantom{\rule{0.1em}{0ex}}\mathrm{M}\mathrm{Hz}400MHz for a resonator linewidth of 13.8 MHz.
Rapid reset and readout of qubit states are essential for quantum error correction, yet accelerating these operations through stronger coupling to a dissipative environment inevitably increases qubit decay via the Purcell effect. Here we present a broadband Purcell filter that decouples the reset and readout paths, enabling both operations to be independently optimized without compromising qubit coherence. The filter employs two engineered notches - an intrinsic notch and a bandstop notch - to provide broadband Purcell protection, together with an additional reset stub that creates a reset mode below the protected band. To enable fast reset while suppressing filter-mediated interactions between qubits, we couple each qubit to a dedicated reset resonator. We experimentally demonstrate Purcell-limited relaxation times exceeding 1 ms across a 1.2 GHz bandwidth, simultaneously with 500 ns readout without a Josephson parametric amplifier and 100 ns reset with 99.6% efficiency. The reset resonator is designed with a deliberate kappa-chi mismatch, which suppresses photon-shot-noise-induced dephasing by a factor of 70 compared to the readout resonator. Our work provides a scalable hardware solution that resolves the traditional trade-off between fast qubit operations and qubit protection, advancing the prospects for fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Fast and accurate qubit measurement remains a critical challenge on the path to fault-tolerant quantum computing. In superconducting quantum circuits, fast qubit measurement has been achieved using a dispersively coupled resonator with a large externally limited linewidth. This necessitates the use of a Purcell filter that protects the qubit from relaxation through the readout channel. Here, we show that a readout resonator and filter resonator, coupled to each other both capacitively and inductively via a multiconductor transmission line, can produce a compact notch-filter circuit that effectively eliminates the Purcell decay channel through destructive interference. By utilizing linewidths as large as 42 MHz, we perform simultaneous readout of four qubits using a 56-ns integration window and benchmark an average assignment fidelity of 99.77%, with the highest qubit assignment fidelity exceeding 99.9%. Including the simulated readout ring-down time, the total readout duration was between 115 and 215 ns for the four qubits, which we anticipate can be reduced to around 100 ns with active ring-down pulse shaping. These results demonstrate a significant advancement in speed and fidelity for multiplexed superconducting-qubit readout.
Residual noise photons in a readout resonator become a major source of dephasing for a superconducting qubit when the resonator is optimized for a fast, high-fidelity dispersive readout. Here, we propose and demonstrate a nonlinear Purcell filter that suppresses such an undesirable dephasing process without sacrificing the readout performance. When a readout pulse is applied, the filter automatically reduces the effective linewidth of the readout resonator, increasing the sensitivity of the qubit to the input field. The noise tolerance of the device we have fabricated is shown to be enhanced by a factor of 3 relative to a device with a linear filter. The measurement rate is enhanced by another factor of 3 by utilizing the bifurcation of the nonlinear filter. A readout fidelity of 99.4% and a quantum nondemolition fidelity of 99.2% are achieved using a 40-ns readout pulse. The nonlinear Purcell filter will be an effective tool for realizing a fast, high-fidelity readout without compromising the coherence time of the qubit. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Engineering the admittance of external environments connected to superconducting qubits is essential, as increasing the measurement speed introduces spontaneous emission loss to superconducting qubits, known as Purcell loss. Here, we report a broadband Purcell filter within a small footprint, which effectively suppresses Purcell loss without losing the fast measurement speed. We characterize the filter's frequency response at 4.3 K and also estimate Purcell loss suppression by finite-element-method simulations of superconducting planar circuit layouts with the proposed filter design. The filter is fabricated with 200 nm-thick niobium films and shows the measured bandwidth over 790 MHz within 0.29 mm2 of compact size owing to densely packed spiral resonators. The estimated lifetime enhancement indicates the effective protection of the qubit from Purcell loss. The presented filter design is expected to be easily integrated on existing superconducting quantum circuits for fast and multiplexed readout without occupying large footprint.
Spontaneous emission through a coupled cavity can be a significant decay channel for qubits in circuit quantum electrodynamics. We present a circuit design that effectively eliminates spontaneous emission due to the Purcell effect while maintaining strong coupling to a low-Q cavity. Excellent agreement over a wide range in frequency is found between measured qubit relaxation times and the predictions of a circuit model. Using fast (nanosecond time-scale) flux biasing of the qubit, we demonstrate in situ control of qubit lifetime over a factor of 50. We realize qubit reset with 99.9% fidelity in 120 ns.
In superconducting quantum devices, Purcell filters protect qubit information from decaying into external lines by reducing external coupling at qubit frequencies while maintaining it at readout frequencies. Here, we introduce and demonstrate a novel Purcell filter design that places the readout resonator frequencies in a "linewidth plateau" below the filter's first resonant mode. This approach, based on direct admittance engineering, can simultaneously achieve strong qubit protection and nearly constant external coupling across a wide readout bandwidth, addressing the traditional tradeoff between these properties. We first present a lumped-element analysis of our filters. We then experimentally demonstrate a compact on-chip linewidth-plateau filter, coupled to four resonators across its approximately 1 GHz readout band. We compare the measured linewidths to numerical predictions, and show how the filter protects a frequency-tunable transmon qubit from external decay. We envision that our flexible design paradigm will aid in efforts to create multiplexed readout architectures for superconducting quantum circuits, with well-controlled external couplings.