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arXiv:2405.01528

Polarization dependent non-Hermitian atomic grating controlled by dipole blockade effect

Yi-Mou Liu, Lin Zhang

Published May 2, 2024• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a theoretical scheme for a non-Hermitian atomic grating within an ultra-cold rubidium-87 ($^{87}Rb$) atomic ensemble. The grating's diffraction properties depend on the polarization states of incident photons and are controlled non-locally through Rydberg interactions. Multiple types of polarization-dependent diffraction modes are generated, benefiting from no crosstalk atomic transition channels based on transition selection rules. Those polarization-dependent diffraction modes can be switched using dynamic optical pulse trains, exploiting the Rydberg blockade effect, and are tunable by non-Hermitian optical modulation. Our work will advance the application of asymmetric optical scattering by utilizing the polarization degree of freedom within continuous media and benefit the application of versatile non-Hermitian/asymmetric optical devices.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2405.01528

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We propose a theoretical scheme for a non-Hermitian atomic grating within an ultra-cold rubidium-87 (87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb) atomic ensemble. The grating's diffraction properties depend on the polarization states of incident photons and are controlled non-locally through Rydberg interactions. Multiple types of polarization-dependent diffraction modes are generated, benefiting from no crosstalk atomic transition channels based on transition selection rules. Those polarization-dependent diffraction modes can be switched using dynamic optical pulse trains, exploiting the Rydberg blockade effect, and are tunable by non-Hermitian optical modulation. Our work will advance the application of asymmetric optical scattering by utilizing the polarization degree of freedom within continuous media and benefit the application of versatile non-Hermitian/asymmetric optical devices.
We propose a theoretical scheme for dipole exchange-induced grating (DEIG) based on a hybrid coherent atomic system. The system consists of an ultra-cold rubidium ( 87 Rb) atomic ensemble and movable Rydberg spin atoms. The optical response of the grating appears as a superposition of three- and four-level configurations, which is similar to the cooperative optical nonlinearity caused by the dipole blockade effect. The far-field diffraction properties of the cooperative optical nonlinear grating are tuned by the probe field (intensity and photon statistics). However, our Rydberg atomic grating uniquely responds to the spatial positions of spin atoms, which offers a novel approach to dynamically control electromagnetically induced gratings (EIG).
We propose a theoretical scheme for dipole exchange-induced grating (DEIG) based on a hybrid system consisting of ultra-cold Rubidium (87^{87}87Rb) atomic ensemble and movable Rydberg spin atoms. The optical response of the grating appears as a superposition of three- and four-level configurations, similar to the cooperative optical nonlinear effect caused by the dipole blockade effect. However, such Rydberg atomic grating uniquely responds to the spatial positions of spin atoms, offering a novel approach to dynamically control electromagnetically induced gratings (EIG) except for input probe intensity.
Rb) atomic ensemble with a non-Hermitian optical structure, in which a lopsided optical diffraction grating can be realized just with the combination of single spatially periodic modulation and loop-phase. Parity-time (PT) symmetric and parity-time antisymmetric (APT) modulation can be switched by adjusting different relative phases of the applied beams. Both PT symmetry and PT antisymmetry in our system are robust to the amplitudes of coupling fields, which allows optical response to be modulated precisely without symmetry breaking. Our scheme shows some nontrivial optical properties, such as lopsided diffraction, single-order diffraction, asymmetric Dammam-like diffraction, etc. Our work will benefit the development of versatile non-Hermitian/asymmetric optical devices.
A method for diffracting the weak probe beam into unidirectional and higher-order directions is proposed via a Rydberg electromagnetically induced grating, providing a way for the implementations of quantum devices with cold Rydberg atoms. The proposed scheme utilizes a suitable position-dependent adjustment to the two-photon detuning besides the modulation of the standing-wave coupling field, producing an in-phase modulation which can change the parity of the dispersion. We observe that when the modulation amplitude is appropriate, a perfect unidirectional diffraction grating can be realized. In addition, due to the mutual effect between the van der Waals (vdW) interaction and the atom-field interaction length that deeply improves the dispersion of the medium, the probe energy can be counterintuitively transferred into higher-order diffractions as increasing the vdW interaction, leading to the realization of a controllable higher-order diffraction grating via a strong blockade.
We investigate the realization and manipulation of a two-dimension (2D), asymmetric, electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) in a sample of Rydberg atoms exhibiting the van der Waals (vdW) interactions. The scheme relies on the application of a strong control field and a weak probe field, with the former periodically modulated in a 2D plane and the latter incident perpendicular to the 2D plane. We find that the probe field can be diffracted into an asymmetric intensity distribution depending on the relevant modulation parameters of the control field, as well as the density and length of the atomic sample. In particular, higher-order diffraction intensities can be enhanced in different ways as the vdW interaction, modulation strength, or sample length is increased. It is also of interest that the asymmetric diffraction distribution can be shifted to different quadrants by choosing appropriate modulation phases of the control field. These results may be used to develop new photonic devices with asymmetric diffraction properties required in future all-optical networks.
Abstract In this paper, the dynamics of an inverted-Y-type Rydberg atomic system are investigated. This system is driven by a weak probe field and two control fields. Under the condition of periodical modulation of the standing wave field, a new scheme of generating asymmetric diffraction grating in a Rydberg atomic system, considering the strong dipole–dipole interaction, is present. This is an alternative scheme to generate unidirectional diffraction, and the results show that the first-order diffraction coefficient is dependent on the detunings of the control fields. Compared to other schemes, the diffraction direction is easy controlled by only adjusting the frequency of the control fields.