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arXiv:2405.00510 · Physical Review A

Noiseless loss suppression for entanglement distribution

Cory M. Nunn, Daniel E. Jones, T. B. Pittman, Brian T. Kirby

Published Dec 2, 2024• 2 citations
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Abstract

Recent work by Mi\ifmmode \check{c}\else \v{c}\fi{}uda et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 180503 (2012)] suggests that pairing noiseless amplification with noiseless attenuation can conditionally suppress loss terms in the direct transmission of quantum states. Here we extend this work to entangled states: First, we explore bipartite states, specifically the two-mode squeezed vacuum and NOON states, and, second, we examine $M$-partite states, concentrating on W and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. In analogy with the original proposal, our results demonstrate that in each case under consideration, a correct combination of attenuation and amplification techniques before and after transmission through a pure loss channel can restore the initial quantum state. However, we find that for both W and NOON states, the noiseless attenuation is redundant and not required to achieve loss term suppression. This work clarifies the role of noiseless attenuation when paired with noiseless amplification for entanglement distribution and provides an operational example of how GHZ and W state entanglement differs.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.062405

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Recent work by Mi\ifmmode \check{c}\else \v{c}\fi{}uda et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 180503 (2012)] suggests that pairing noiseless amplification with noiseless attenuation can conditionally suppress loss terms in the direct transmission of quantum states. Here we extend this work to entangled states: First, we explore bipartite states, specifically the two-mode squeezed vacuum and NOON states, and, second, we examine MMM-partite states, concentrating on W and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. In analogy with the original proposal, our results demonstrate that in each case under consideration, a correct combination of attenuation and amplification techniques before and after transmission through a pure loss channel can restore the initial quantum state. However, we find that for both W and NOON states, the noiseless attenuation is redundant and not required to achieve loss term suppression. This work clarifies the role of noiseless attenuation when paired with noiseless amplification for entanglement distribution and provides an operational example of how GHZ and W state entanglement differs.
The losses in a bosonic channel are the primary source of errors in current optic quantum communications. Astonishingly, by combining the noiseless attenuation and noiseless linear amplification, Mi\ifmmode \check{c}\else \v{c}\fi{}uda et al. showed that the unavoidable losses in optic links can be compensated in a nondeterministically but heralded way (M. Micuda, I. Straka, M. Mikova, M. Dusek, N. J. Cerf, J. Fiurasek, and M. Jezek, arXiv:1206.2852). Here we analyze their noiseless loss suppression scheme in a more realistic scenario in which conventional on-off photon detectors as well as the heralded single photon are involved. We use the Wigner function method and investigate the performance of loss suppression in all Fock state space. The noiseless loss suppression for transmitting a weak coherent and single-mode squeezing state are investigated. All these results show that the noiseless attenuation and noiseless linear amplification, if combined, could help to eliminate the channel loss and could be beneficial in future quantum communication.
Loss and decoherence are major problems in the transmission of nonclassical states of light over large distances. It was recently shown that the effects of decoherence can be reduced by applying a probabilistic noiseless attenuator before transmitting a quantum state through a lossy channel, followed by probabilistic noiseless amplification [M. Micuda, I. Straka, M. Mikova, M. Dusek, N. J. Cerf, J. Fiurasek, and M. Jezek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 180503 (2012)]. Here we show that similar results can be obtained for certain kinds of macroscopic quantum states by squeezing the signal before transmission, followed by deterministic amplification and antisqueezing to restore the original amplitude of the state. This approach can greatly reduce the effects of decoherence in the transmission of non-Gaussian states, such as Schr\"odinger cat states, without any reduction in the data transmission rate.
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Abstract Quantum entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is an important resource for quantum information. However, it is very fragile and prone to decoherence. Recently, it has been shown that the noiseless linear amplification (NLA) which can be applied to any channel with loss and noise can effectively counteract the effect of quantum decoherence. Besides, the initial quantum correlation can even be exceed by using this method. Thus, it is a useful tool in enhancing quantum entanglement. In this paper, we apply NLA to the tripartite GHZ entangled state and analyze quantum entanglement and steering after NLA. The results showed that the NLA can effectively improve quantum entanglement and expand the range of quantum steering. Simultaneously, they also provide useful direction for the distillation of quantum state using NLA in practical quantum communication.