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arXiv:2403.06521 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Exploring spin squeezing in the Mott insulating regime: Role of anisotropy, inhomogeneity, and hole doping

Tanausú Hernández Yanes, Artur Niezgoda, Emilia Witkowska

Published Jun 24, 2024• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Spin squeezing in systems with single-particle control is a well-established resource of modern quantum technology. Applied in an optical lattice clock it can reduce the statistical uncertainty of spectroscopic measurements. Here, we consider dynamic generation of spin squeezing with ultra-cold bosonic atoms with two internal states loaded into an optical lattice in the strongly interacting regime as realized with state-of-the-art experiments using a quantum gas microscope. We show that anisotropic interactions and inhomogeneous magnetic fields generate scalable spin squeezing if their magnitudes are sufficiently small, but not negligible. The effect of nonuniform filling caused by hole doping, nonzero temperature, and external confinement is studied at a microscopic level demonstrating their limiting role in the dynamics and scaling of spin squeezing.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.109.214310

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Spin squeezing in systems with single-particle control is a well-established resource of modern quantum technology. Applied in an optical lattice clock it can reduce the statistical uncertainty of spectroscopic measurements. Here, we consider dynamic generation of spin squeezing with ultra-cold bosonic atoms with two internal states loaded into an optical lattice in the strongly interacting regime as realized with state-of-the-art experiments using a quantum gas microscope. We show that anisotropic interactions and inhomogeneous magnetic fields generate scalable spin squeezing if their magnitudes are sufficiently small, but not negligible. The effect of nonuniform filling caused by hole doping, nonzero temperature, and external confinement is studied at a microscopic level demonstrating their limiting role in the dynamics and scaling of spin squeezing.
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Abstract We analyze the generation of spin-squeezed states via coupling of three-level atoms to an optical cavity and continuous quantum measurement of the transmitted cavity field in order to monitor the evolution of the atomic ensemble. Using analytical treatment and microscopic simulations of the dynamics, we show that one can achieve significant spin squeezing, favorably scaling with the number of atoms N. However, contrary to some previous literature, we clarify that it is not possible to obtain Heisenberg scaling without the continuous feedback that is proposed in optimal approaches. In fact, in the adiabatic cavity removal approximation and large N limit, we find the scaling behavior N − 2 / 3 for spin squeezing and N − 1 / 3 for the corresponding protocol duration. These results can be obtained only by considering the curvature of the Bloch sphere, since linearizing the collective spin operators tangentially to its equator yields inaccurate predictions. With full simulations, we characterize how spin-squeezing generation depends on the system parameters and departs from the bad cavity regime, by gradually mixing with cavity-filling dynamics until metrological advantage is lost. Finally, we discuss the relevance of this spin-squeezing protocol to state-of-the-art optical clocks.
We study the internal dynamics of bosonic atoms in an optical lattice. Within the regime in which the atomic crystal is a Mott insulator with one atom per well, the atoms behave as localized spins which interact according to some spin Hamiltonian. The type of Hamiltonian (Heisenberg, Ising), and the sign of interactions may be tuned by changing the properties of the optical lattice, or applying external magnetic fields. When, on the other hand, the number of atoms per lattice site is unknown, we can still use the bosons to perform general quantum computation.
Abstract. We examine particle entanglement, characterized by pseudo-spin squeezing, of spin-1 bosonic atoms with coupled ground states in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Both the superfluid and Mott-insulator phases are investigated separately for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. Mode entanglement is also discussed in the Mott insulating phase. The role of a small but nonzero angle between the polarization vectors of counter-propagating lasers forming the optical lattice on quantum correlations is investigated as well. PACS numbers: 03.75.Lm, 03.75.Mn, 03.67.Bg Submitted to: J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. Quantum entanglement of spin-1 bosons 2
The recent experimental realization of a three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice clock not only reduces the influence of collisional interactions on the clock's accuracy but also provides a promising platform for studying dipolar many-body quantum physics. Here, by solving the governing master equation, we investigate the role of both elastic and dissipative long-range interactions in the clock's dynamics and study its dependence on lattice spacing, dimensionality, and dipolar orientation. For small lattice spacing, i.e., ${k}_{0}a\ensuremath{\ll}1$, where aaa is the lattice constant and k0{k}_{0}k0​ is the transition wave number, a sizable spin squeezing appears in the transient state which is favored in a head-to-tail dipolar configuration in 1D systems and a side-by-side configuration in 2D systems, respectively. For large lattice spacing, i.e., ${k}_{0}a\ensuremath{\gg}1$, the single atomic decay rate can be effectively suppressed due to the destructive dissipative emission of neighboring atoms in both 1D and 2D. Our results will not only aid in the design of the future generation of ultraprecise atomic clocks but also illuminates the rich many-body physics exhibited by radiating dipolar system.
Entanglement can improve the measurement precision of quantum sensors beyond the shot noise limit. Neutral atoms, the basis of some of the most precise and accurate optical clocks and interferometers, do not naturally exhibit the all-to-all interactions traditionally used to generate such entangled states. On the other hand, these systems exhibit exceedingly high degrees of experimental control over parameters such as temperature, spatial entropy, and itinerancy. In this work, we investigate spin squeezing in a highly coherent itinerant system of neutral atoms with magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. We achieve 7.1 dB of metrologically useful squeezing using finite-range spin-exchange interactions in an erbium quantum gas microscope, and we demonstrate that introducing atomic motion, realizing a dipolar t − J model, protects the spin sector coherence at low fillings, significantly improving the achievable spin squeezing in a 2D dipolar system. This work’s protocol can be implemented with most neutral atoms, opening the door to quantum-enhanced metrology in other itinerant dipolar systems, such as molecules or optical lattice clocks, and serves as a novel method for studying itinerant quantum magnetism with long-range interactions.