Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2306.05313 · Physical Review A

Spin squeezing in mixed-dimensional anisotropic lattice models

Mikhail Mamaev, Diego Barberena, Ana María Rey

Published Feb 26, 2024• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We describe a theoretical scheme for generating scalable spin squeezing with nearest-neighbor interactions between spin-1/2 particles in a three-dimensional (3D) lattice, which are naturally present in state-of-the-art 3D optical lattice clocks. We propose to use strong isotropic Heisenberg interactions within individual planes of the lattice, forcing the constituent spin-1/2s to behave as large collective spins. These large spins are then coupled with $XXZ$ anisotropic interactions along a third direction of the lattice. This system can be realized via superexchange interactions in a 3D optical lattice subject to an external linear potential, such as gravity, and in the presence of spin-orbit coupling to generate spin anisotropic interactions. We show there is a wide range of parameters in this setting where the spin squeezing improves with increasing system size even in the presence of holes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.109.023326

Related papers

Observation of Spin Squeezing with Contact Interactions in One- and Three-Dimensional Easy-Plane Magnets

Yoo Kyung Lee, Maxwell Block, Hanzhen Lin +4 more

Spin squeezing in a many-body system is a witness for entanglement and can enable measurement sensitivities beyond those achievable by only classical correlations. Here, working with ultracold ^{7}Li atoms in an optical lattice, we demonstrate spin squeezing using short-range contact interactions in both one and three dimensions. In 1D, spin squeezing is shown to be insensitive to density fluctuations caused by holes. In 3D, however, we observe that holes strongly modify the squeezing dynamics, hindering the recently predicted emergence of scalable squeezing in 3D XXZ spin systems. By developing a new theoretical model to account for spin-density coupling, we obtain strong quantitative agreement with the observed squeezing dynamics, resulting in ≈2 dB at 7% hole fraction. Our observations highlight the importance of understanding spin-density coupling in the dynamics of many interacting spins and lay the groundwork for improved spin squeezing in systems with only short-range interactions.

arXiv:2409.17398•Physical Review Letters•May 14, 2025•4 citations

Exploring spin squeezing in the Mott insulating regime: Role of anisotropy, inhomogeneity, and hole doping

Tanausú Hernández Yanes, Artur Niezgoda, Emilia Witkowska

Spin squeezing in systems with single-particle control is a well-established resource of modern quantum technology. Applied in an optical lattice clock it can reduce the statistical uncertainty of spectroscopic measurements. Here, we consider dynamic generation of spin squeezing with ultra-cold bosonic atoms with two internal states loaded into an optical lattice in the strongly interacting regime as realized with state-of-the-art experiments using a quantum gas microscope. We show that anisotropic interactions and inhomogeneous magnetic fields generate scalable spin squeezing if their magnitudes are sufficiently small, but not negligible. The effect of nonuniform filling caused by hole doping, nonzero temperature, and external confinement is studied at a microscopic level demonstrating their limiting role in the dynamics and scaling of spin squeezing.

arXiv:2403.06521•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jun 24, 2024•8 citations

Theory of Scalable Spin Squeezing with Disordered Quantum Dipoles

Avi Kaplan-Lipkin, Philip J. D. Crowley, Jonathan N. Hallén +6 more

Spin squeezed entanglement enables metrological precision beyond the classical limit. Understood through the lens of continuous symmetry breaking, dipolar spin systems exhibit the remarkable ability to generate spin squeezing via their intrinsic quench dynamics. To date, this understanding has primarily focused on lattice spin systems; in practice however, dipolar spin systems$\unicode{x2014}$ranging from ultracold molecules to nuclear spin ensembles and solid-state color centers$\unicode{x2014}$often exhibit significant amounts of positional disorder. Here, we develop a theory for scalable spin squeezing in a two-dimensional randomly diluted lattice of quantum dipoles, which naturally realize a dipolar XXZ model. Via extensive quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we map out the phase diagram for finite-temperature XY order, and by extension scalable spin squeezing, as a function of both disorder and Ising anisotropy. As the disorder increases, we find that scalable spin squeezing survives only near the Heisenberg point. We show that this behavior is due to the presence of rare tightly-coupled dimers, which effectively heat the system post-quench. In the case of strongly-interacting nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, we demonstrate that an experimentally feasible strategy to decouple the problematic dimers from the dynamics is sufficient to enable scalable spin squeezing.

quant-pharXiv:2512.19781•Dec 24, 2025•0 citations

Spin squeezing and many-body dipolar dynamics in optical lattice clocks

Chunlei Qu, Ana María Rey

The recent experimental realization of a three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice clock not only reduces the influence of collisional interactions on the clock's accuracy but also provides a promising platform for studying dipolar many-body quantum physics. Here, by solving the governing master equation, we investigate the role of both elastic and dissipative long-range interactions in the clock's dynamics and study its dependence on lattice spacing, dimensionality, and dipolar orientation. For small lattice spacing, i.e., ${k}_{0}a\ensuremath{\ll}1$, where $a$ is the lattice constant and ${k}_{0}$ is the transition wave number, a sizable spin squeezing appears in the transient state which is favored in a head-to-tail dipolar configuration in 1D systems and a side-by-side configuration in 2D systems, respectively. For large lattice spacing, i.e., ${k}_{0}a\ensuremath{\gg}1$, the single atomic decay rate can be effectively suppressed due to the destructive dissipative emission of neighboring atoms in both 1D and 2D. Our results will not only aid in the design of the future generation of ultraprecise atomic clocks but also illuminates the rich many-body physics exhibited by radiating dipolar system.

arXiv:1812.00327•Physical Review A•Oct 10, 2019•35 citations

Engineering spin squeezing in a 3D optical lattice with interacting spin-orbit-coupled fermions

P. He, M. A. Perlin, Sean R. Muleady +4 more

The authors propose a protocol that uses both inter-atomic interactions and laser-induced momentum kicks, normally two undesirable decoherence mechanisms in current 3D optical lattice clocks, to engineer metrologically useful entangled states. Their proposal opens a path to push state-of-the-art quantum sensors at absolute limits of both precision and accuracy.

arXiv:1904.07866•Physical Review Research•Nov 5, 2019•44 citations

Spin Squeezing in a Rydberg Lattice Clock

L. I. R. Gil, Rick Mukherjee, Elizabeth M. Bridge +2 more

We theoretically demonstrate a viable approach to spin squeezing in optical lattice clocks via optical dressing of one clock state to a highly excited Rydberg state, generating switchable atomic interactions. For realistic experimental parameters, these interactions are shown to generate over 10 dB of squeezing in large ensembles within a few microseconds and without degrading the subsequent clock interrogation.

arXiv:1306.6240•Physical Review Letters•Mar 11, 2014•151 citations
We describe a theoretical scheme for generating scalable spin squeezing with nearest-neighbor interactions between spin-1/2 particles in a three-dimensional (3D) lattice, which are naturally present in state-of-the-art 3D optical lattice clocks. We propose to use strong isotropic Heisenberg interactions within individual planes of the lattice, forcing the constituent spin-1/2s to behave as large collective spins. These large spins are then coupled with XXZXXZXXZ anisotropic interactions along a third direction of the lattice. This system can be realized via superexchange interactions in a 3D optical lattice subject to an external linear potential, such as gravity, and in the presence of spin-orbit coupling to generate spin anisotropic interactions. We show there is a wide range of parameters in this setting where the spin squeezing improves with increasing system size even in the presence of holes.
Spin squeezing in a many-body system is a witness for entanglement and can enable measurement sensitivities beyond those achievable by only classical correlations. Here, working with ultracold ^{7}Li atoms in an optical lattice, we demonstrate spin squeezing using short-range contact interactions in both one and three dimensions. In 1D, spin squeezing is shown to be insensitive to density fluctuations caused by holes. In 3D, however, we observe that holes strongly modify the squeezing dynamics, hindering the recently predicted emergence of scalable squeezing in 3D XXZ spin systems. By developing a new theoretical model to account for spin-density coupling, we obtain strong quantitative agreement with the observed squeezing dynamics, resulting in ≈2 dB at 7% hole fraction. Our observations highlight the importance of understanding spin-density coupling in the dynamics of many interacting spins and lay the groundwork for improved spin squeezing in systems with only short-range interactions.
Spin squeezing in systems with single-particle control is a well-established resource of modern quantum technology. Applied in an optical lattice clock it can reduce the statistical uncertainty of spectroscopic measurements. Here, we consider dynamic generation of spin squeezing with ultra-cold bosonic atoms with two internal states loaded into an optical lattice in the strongly interacting regime as realized with state-of-the-art experiments using a quantum gas microscope. We show that anisotropic interactions and inhomogeneous magnetic fields generate scalable spin squeezing if their magnitudes are sufficiently small, but not negligible. The effect of nonuniform filling caused by hole doping, nonzero temperature, and external confinement is studied at a microscopic level demonstrating their limiting role in the dynamics and scaling of spin squeezing.
Spin squeezed entanglement enables metrological precision beyond the classical limit. Understood through the lens of continuous symmetry breaking, dipolar spin systems exhibit the remarkable ability to generate spin squeezing via their intrinsic quench dynamics. To date, this understanding has primarily focused on lattice spin systems; in practice however, dipolar spin systems$\unicode{x2014}$ranging from ultracold molecules to nuclear spin ensembles and solid-state color centers$\unicode{x2014}$often exhibit significant amounts of positional disorder. Here, we develop a theory for scalable spin squeezing in a two-dimensional randomly diluted lattice of quantum dipoles, which naturally realize a dipolar XXZ model. Via extensive quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we map out the phase diagram for finite-temperature XY order, and by extension scalable spin squeezing, as a function of both disorder and Ising anisotropy. As the disorder increases, we find that scalable spin squeezing survives only near the Heisenberg point. We show that this behavior is due to the presence of rare tightly-coupled dimers, which effectively heat the system post-quench. In the case of strongly-interacting nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, we demonstrate that an experimentally feasible strategy to decouple the problematic dimers from the dynamics is sufficient to enable scalable spin squeezing.
The recent experimental realization of a three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice clock not only reduces the influence of collisional interactions on the clock's accuracy but also provides a promising platform for studying dipolar many-body quantum physics. Here, by solving the governing master equation, we investigate the role of both elastic and dissipative long-range interactions in the clock's dynamics and study its dependence on lattice spacing, dimensionality, and dipolar orientation. For small lattice spacing, i.e., ${k}_{0}a\ensuremath{\ll}1$, where aaa is the lattice constant and k0{k}_{0}k0​ is the transition wave number, a sizable spin squeezing appears in the transient state which is favored in a head-to-tail dipolar configuration in 1D systems and a side-by-side configuration in 2D systems, respectively. For large lattice spacing, i.e., ${k}_{0}a\ensuremath{\gg}1$, the single atomic decay rate can be effectively suppressed due to the destructive dissipative emission of neighboring atoms in both 1D and 2D. Our results will not only aid in the design of the future generation of ultraprecise atomic clocks but also illuminates the rich many-body physics exhibited by radiating dipolar system.