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arXiv:2403.00047

On Target Detection by Quantum Radar (Preprint)

Gaspare Galati, Gabriele Pavan

Published Feb 29, 2024• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Both Noise Radar and Quantum Radar, with some alleged common features, exploit the randomness of the transmitted signal to enhance radar covertness and to reduce mutual interference. While Noise Radar has been prototypically developed and successfully tested in many environments by different organizations, the significant investments on Quantum Radar seem not to be followed by practically operating prototypes or demonstrators. Starting from the trivial fact that radar detection depends on the energy transmitted on the target and backscattered by it, some detailed evaluations in this work show that the detection performance of all the proposed QR types in the literature are orders of magnitude below the ones of a much simpler and cheaper equivalent classica radar set, in particular of the NR type. Moreover, the absence of a, sometimes alleged, Quantum radar cross section different from the radar cross section is explained. Hence, the various Quantum Radar proposals cannot lead to any useful result, especially, but not limited to, the alleged detection of stealth targets.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2403.00047

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Both Noise Radar and Quantum Radar, with some alleged common features, exploit the randomness of the transmitted signal to enhance radar covertness and to reduce mutual interference. While Noise Radar has been prototypically developed and successfully tested in many environments by different organizations, the significant investments on Quantum Radar seem not to be followed by practically operating prototypes or demonstrators. Starting from the trivial fact that radar detection depends on the energy transmitted on the target and backscattered by it, some detailed evaluations in this work show that the detection performance of all the proposed QR types in the literature are orders of magnitude below the ones of a much simpler and cheaper equivalent classica radar set, in particular of the NR type. Moreover, the absence of a, sometimes alleged, Quantum radar cross section different from the radar cross section is explained. Hence, the various Quantum Radar proposals cannot lead to any useful result, especially, but not limited to, the alleged detection of stealth targets.
Both Noise Radar (NR) and Quantum Radar (QR), with alleged common features, aim to use the randomness of the transmitted signal to enhance radar covertness and to reduce mutual interference. While NR has been prototypically developed and successfully tested in many environments by different organizations, research and development investments on QR did not bring to practically operating prototypes. Starting from the well-known fact that radar detection depends on the energy transmitted on the target, the detailed evaluations in this work show that the detection performance of all the QR types proposed in the literature are well below the ones of a much simpler and cheaper equivalent “classical” radar set, for example of the NR type. Moreover, the absence of a “Quantum radar cross section” different from the well-known radar cross section is explained. From these facts it results that, in spite of alleged advantages in some literature, Quantum Radar proposals cannot lead to useful results, including, of course, the detection of stealth targets.
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This paper encapsulates the fundamental operation of a Quantum Radar and demonstrates how entanglement can improve a radar’s signal-to-noise ratio. It focuses on the evolution of Quantum Radar technology by examining various types and bringing to light their unique characteristics. The paper also discusses the optimal radar type for various situations. Moreover, it thoroughly explores the properties of the Quantum Radar cross-section and compares it with the classical radar. Based on the research, finding covert targets and navigating through jammed environments are two key advantages of Quantum Radar. Finally, the paper discusses the limitations of each Quantum Radar type, along with future research directions.
Quantum Radar! Check out what Wikipedia says about it: it might render stealth aircraft obsolete. Watch YouTube videos that purport to explain all about it. Read press reports in which China claims it field tested one in 2016. But is there any fire underneath all that smoke? This talk will answer that question by telling the story of “quantum illumination”, from its beginnings through recent theoretical and experimental results. Quantum illumination is the only quantum radar concept that has been proven, theoretically, to outperform all classical radars of the same transmitted energy in detecting a weakly-reflecting target that is embedded in strong background noise. It uses a source of quadrature-entangled signal and idler beams to gain its target-detection performance improvement despite loss and noise that destroys the entanglement. A realistic assessment of that improvement's utility, however, shows that its value is severely limited. Nevertheless, the fact that entanglement can be of value on an entanglement-breaking channel — the meta-lesson of the quantum illumination story — should spur continued research on quantum radar.
Quantum radar is a new detection technology based on the mechanism of quantum physics and is promising for enhancing radar target detection capability. In this letter, the quantum radar equation is established based on the traditional radar equation; meanwhile, how the quantum radar cross section (QRCS) influences target detection performance and how QRCSs for some typical targets distribute are investigated via simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio increases with the QRCS, the peak values of side-lobes of the QRCS for the cylinder surface fluctuate little, and the QRCS for corner reflectors almost exhibits no variations in a wide range of incident angles. The results listed above can benefit the signal design and performance evaluation of quantum radar as well as the design of quantum stealthy targets.
Preliminary results of the comparative analysis of Quantum Radar (QR) based upon quantum entanglement phenomenon and Noise Radar (NR) based upon classical coherence notion and correlation processing of random signals are presented in the paper. It has been shown that the basic idea of entangled multi-photon QR for simultaneous implementing of high penetrating ability of the entangled photons and high spatial resolution performance does not work because of decay of entangled state of the transmitted photons when they hits a wall, for example. QR operation abilities may be described in terms of classical physics. In addition, the multi-photon QR has been modeled by means of classically phase locked multi-frequency signals (regular and chaotic). Results of computer simulation of basic properties for such radar are presented.