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arXiv:2402.02343 · Physical Review A

Noise mitigation in quantum teleportation

Zijian Xu, Jun‐Hong An

Published Jul 15, 2024• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Permitting the transmission of unknown quantum states over long distances by using entanglement, quantum teleportation serves as an important building block for many quantum technologies. However, in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, the practical realization of quantum teleportation is inevitably challenged by the noise-induced decoherence. We here propose a noise-mitigation mechanism applicable in both the discrete- and continuous-variable quantum teleportation schemes. Via investigating the non-Markovian decoherence dynamics of the two types of quantum teleportation schemes, we find that, as long as a bound state is formed in the energy spectrum of the total system consisting of the involved subsystems and their respective reservoirs, the quantum superiority of the fidelity is persistently recovered. Supplying an insightful understanding of the noise-mitigation protocols, our result paves the way to the practical realization of noise-tolerant quantum teleportation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.012442

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Permitting the transmission of unknown quantum states over long distances by using entanglement, quantum teleportation serves as an important building block for many quantum technologies. However, in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, the practical realization of quantum teleportation is inevitably challenged by the noise-induced decoherence. We here propose a noise-mitigation mechanism applicable in both the discrete- and continuous-variable quantum teleportation schemes. Via investigating the non-Markovian decoherence dynamics of the two types of quantum teleportation schemes, we find that, as long as a bound state is formed in the energy spectrum of the total system consisting of the involved subsystems and their respective reservoirs, the quantum superiority of the fidelity is persistently recovered. Supplying an insightful understanding of the noise-mitigation protocols, our result paves the way to the practical realization of noise-tolerant quantum teleportation.
Maintaining quantum coherence and entanglement in the presence of environmental noise, particularly within non-Markovian contexts, represents a significant challenge for the progression of quantum information science and technology. This study offers a substantial advancement by investigating the dynamics of a two-qubit system subjected to diverse noise conditions, encompassing relaxation, dephasing, and their cumulative effects. By employing quantum-state-diffusion equations specifically crafted for non-Markovian environments, we introduce an innovative strategy to counteract the detrimental influences of environmental noise on quantum teleportation fidelity and entanglement concurrence. Our results underscore the potential for external interventions to markedly improve the resilience of quantum information processing tasks over prolonged durations, especially in settings where dephasing noise prevails. A key revelation is the intricate relationship between dephasing noise and the initial state of entanglement, which profoundly impacts the occurrence of entanglement sudden death. This research not only deepens our comprehension of quantum system dynamics under noisy circumstances but also furnishes practical directives for engineering robust quantum systems, a necessity for the development of scalable quantum technologies.
Abstract Quantum teleportation exemplifies how the transmission of quantum information starkly differs from that of classical information and serves as a key protocol for quantum communication and quantum computing. While an ideal teleportation protocol requires noiseless quantum channels to share a pure maximally entangled state, the reality is that shared entanglement is often severely degraded due to various decoherence mechanisms. Although the quantum noise induced by the decoherence is indeed a major obstacle to realizing a near-term quantum network or processor with a limited number of qubits, the methodologies considered thus far to address this issue are resource-intensive. Here, we demonstrate a protocol that allows optimal quantum teleportation via noisy quantum channels without additional qubit resources. By analyzing teleportation in the framework of generalized quantum measurement, we optimize the teleportation protocol for noisy quantum channels. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate that our protocol enables to teleport an unknown qubit even via a single copy of an entangled state under strong decoherence that would otherwise preclude any quantum operation. Our work provides a useful methodology for practically coping with decoherence with a limited number of qubits and paves the way for realizing noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing and quantum communication.
Noise is a major challenge in quantum computing, affecting the reliability of quantum protocols. In this work, we analytically study the impact of various noise processes, such as depolarization, bit flip, and phase flip, on the quantum state teleportation protocol. Each noise process is modeled as a quantum channel and is applied individually to all qubits after the corresponding unitary operations to simulate realistic conditions. We evaluate the fidelity between the ideal and noisy teleported states to quantify the effect of noise. Our analysis shows that the fidelity decreases polynomially, in general, as the noise strength increases for all noise types, highlighting the sensitivity of state teleportation to different noise mechanisms. However, in the low noise regime, the fidelity decreases only linearly, indicating the robustness of the teleportation protocol. These results provide insight into error characterization and can inform strategies for noise mitigation in practical quantum computing applications.
In the domain of quantum communication, quantum teleportation (QT) emerges as a pivotal protocol, enabling the transmission of quantum states across significant distances. However, the ubiquitous presence of quantum noise inevitably affects this process, causing deviations in the teleported state from its intended configuration. This study proposes an innovative approach to mitigate noise error (bit-flip and phase-flip) and within quantum channels. The method involves implementing quantum gates between communicating parties, effectively diminishing the impact of these noise types on the entangled channel and enhancing QT efficacy in noise-prone environments. Experimental results demonstrate that noisy channel has low-fidelity 16.67% in bit flip noise and 68.60% in phase flip noise. The proposed noise mitigation quantum circuit attained the 100% fidelity.
Quantum teleportation is a useful communication protocol in quantum communication, which enables the transmission of quantum states over long distances. However, quantum noise inevitably affects quantum communication, resulting in the teleported state not being the ideal target state. In order to minimize the impact of quantum noise, we propose a new method to mitigate bit-flip and phase-flip noise of quantum channel in this paper. This method shares additional ancillary particles between the two parties of communication, which can effectively reduce the influence of bit-flip and phase-flip noise on the entangled channel, thereby improving the efficiency of quantum teleportation in noisy environments. We analyze the performance of the proposed method in detail through mathematical calculations. The results show that proposed scheme can resist the bit-flip and phase-flip noise with noise factor less than 0.5. When the noise factor is small, adding a small amount of auxiliary particles can greatly improve the fidelity of the output state: when the number of auxiliary particles increases to 5, the scheme can resist quantum noise with a noise factor less than or equal to 0.3, making fidelity of the output state is close to 1. When the noise factor is large, it is necessary to add more auxiliary particles to offset the influence of noise.
Quantum teleportation constitutes a fundamental tool for various applications in quantum communication and computation. However, state-of-the-art continuous-variable quantum teleportation is restricted to moderate fidelities and short-distance configurations. This is due to unavoidable experimental imperfections resulting in thermal decoherence during the teleportation process. Here we present a heralded quantum teleporter able to overcome these limitations through noiseless linear amplification. As a result, we report a high fidelity of 92% for teleporting coherent states using a modest level of quantum entanglement. Our teleporter in principle allows nearly complete removal of loss induced onto the input states being transmitted through imperfect quantum channels. We further demonstrate the purification of a displaced thermal state, impossible via conventional deterministic amplification or teleportation approaches. The combination of high-fidelity coherent state teleportation alongside the purification of thermalized input states permits the transmission of quantum states over significantly long distances. These results are of both practical and fundamental significance; overcoming long-standing hurdles en route to highly-efficient continuous-variable quantum teleportation, while also shining new light on applying teleportation to purify quantum systems from thermal noise.