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arXiv:2401.01187 · Optica Quantum

Quantum interferences and gates with emitter-based coherent photon sources

Ilse Maillette de Buy Wenniger, Stephen C. Wein, Dario Fioretto, Sarah E. Thomas, C. Antón, Aristide Lemaître, Isabelle Sagnes, Abdelmounaïm Harouri, Nadia Belabas, Niccolò Somaschi, Paul Hilaire, Jean Sénellart, P. Senellart

Published Oct 10, 2024• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum emitters such as quantum dots, defects in diamond or in silicon have emerged as efficient single-photon sources that are progressively exploited in quantum technologies. In 2019, it was shown that the emitted single-photon states often include coherence with the vacuum component. Here we investigate how such photon-number coherence alters quantum interference experiments that are routinely implemented both for characterizing or exploiting the generated photons. We show that it strongly modifies intensity correlation measurements in a Hong–Ou–Mandel experiment and leads to errors in indistinguishability estimations. It also results in additional entanglement when performing partial measurements. We illustrate the impact on quantum protocols by evidencing modifications in heralding efficiency and fidelity of two-qubit gates.

DOI
10.1364/opticaq.527420

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Photon-mediated interactions between atoms can arise via coupling to a common electromagnetic mode or by quantum interference. Here, we probe the role of coherence in cooperative emission arising from two distant but indistinguishable solid-state emitters because of path erasure. The primary signature of cooperative emission, the emergence of "bunching" at zero delay in an intensity correlation experiment, is used to characterize the indistinguishability of the emitters, their dephasing, and the degree of correlation in the joint system that can be coherently controlled. In a stark departure from a pair of uncorrelated emitters, in Hong-Ou-Mandel-type interference measurements, we observe photon statistics from a pair of indistinguishable emitters resembling that of a weak coherent state from an attenuated laser. Our experiments establish techniques to control and characterize cooperative behavior between matter qubits using the full quantum optics toolbox, a key step toward realizing large-scale quantum photonic networks.
Summary form only given. Single-photon sources have recently been demonstrated using a variety of devices, including molecules, mesoscopic quantum wells, colour centers, trapped ions, and semiconductor quantum dots. These sources rarely emit two or more photons in the same pulse, compared to a Poisson-distributed source of the same intensity. Numerous applications for single-photon sources have been proposed in the field of quantum information. However, most, including linear-optical quantum computation, also require that consecutive photons have identical wave packets. For a source based on a single quantum emitter, the emitter must therefore be excited in a rapid or deterministic way, and interact little with its surrounding environment. Here, we test the indistinguishability of photons emitted by a semiconductor quantum dot in a microcavity through a Hong-Ou-Mandel-type two-photon interference experiment. We find that consecutive photons are largely indistinguishable, with a mean wave-packet overlap as large as 0.81, making this source useful in a variety of experiments in quantum optics and quantum information.
Semiconductor pillar microcavities containing quantum dots have shown promise as efficient sources of single and correlated pairs of photons, which may find applications in quantum information processing. In this paper we discuss the use of these sources to generate single photons and the use of pillars with elliptical cross-section to enhance and select a particular photon state. Single-photon interference measurements are also performed and show coherence times of up to 180 ps for quasi-resonantly pumped dots. Hong–Ou–Mandel-type two-photon interference measurements using a fibre interferometer indicate that individually created photons display a large degree of indistinguishability.
Quantum interference lies at the foundation of many protocols for scalable quantum computing and communication with linear optics. To observe these effects the light source must emit photons that are indistinguishable. From a technological standpoint, it would be beneficial to have electrical control over the emission. Here we report of an electrically driven single-photon source emitting indistinguishable photons. The device consists of a layer of InAs quantum dots embedded in the intrinsic region of a p-i-n diode. Indistinguishability of consecutive photons is tested in a two-photon interference experiment under two modes of operation, continuous and pulsed current injection. We also present a complete theory based on the interference of photons with a Lorentzian spectrum which we compare to both our continuous wave and pulsed experiments. In the former case, a visibility was measured limited only by the timing resolution of our detection system. In the case of pulsed injection, we employ a two-pulse voltage sequence which suppresses multi-photon emission and allows us to carry out temporal filtering of photons which have undergone dephasing. The characteristic Hong-Ou-Mandel 'dip' is measured, resulting in a visibility of 64 +/- 4%.
Photon-mediated interactions between atomic systems are the cornerstone of quantum information transfer. They can arise via coupling to a common electromagnetic mode or by quantum interference. This can manifest in cooperative light-matter coupling, yielding collective rate enhancements such as those at the heart of superradiance, or remote entanglement via measurement-induced path erasure. Here, we report coherent control of cooperative emission arising from two distant but indistinguishable solid-state emitters due to path erasure. The primary signature of cooperative emission, the emergence of bunching at zero-delay in an intensity correlation experiment, is used to characterise the indistinguishability of the emitters, their dephasing, and the degree of correlation in the joint system which can be coherently controlled. In a stark departure from a pair of uncorrelated emitters, we observe photon statistics resembling that of a weak coherent state in Hong-Ou-Mandel type interference measurements. Our experiments establish new techniques to control and characterize cooperative behaviour between matter qubits using the full quantum optics toolbox, a key stepping stone on the route to realising large-scale quantum photonic networks.
Superposition and indistinguishablility between probability amplitudes have played an essential role in observing quantum interference effects of correlated photons. The Hong-Ou-Mandel interference and interferences of the path-entangled photon number state are of special interest in the field of quantum information technologies. However, a fully generalized two-photon quantum interferometric scheme accounting for the Hong-Ou-Mandel scheme and path-entangled photon number states has not yet been proposed. Here we report the experimental demonstrations of the generalized two-photon interferometry with both the interferometric properties of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect and the fully unfolded version of the path-entangled photon number state using photon-pair sources, which are independently generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Our experimental scheme explains two-photon interference fringes revealing single- and two-photon coherence properties in a single interferometer setup. Using the proposed interferometric measurement, it is possible to directly estimate the joint spectral intensity of a photon pair source.