Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2312.14006 · Physical Review Research

Low-excitation transport and separation of high-mass-ratio mixed-species ion chains

F. Lancellotti, Stephan Welte, Matteo Simoni, Carmelo Mordini, Tanja Behrle, Brennan de Neeve, Matteo Marinelli, Vlad Negnevitsky, Jonathan Home

Published Sep 10, 2024• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate low-excitation transport and separation of two-ion crystals consisting of one Be + 9 and one Ca + 40 ion, with a high mass ratio of 4.4. The full separation involves transport of the mixed-species chain, splitting each ion into separate potential wells, and then transport of each ion prior to detection. We find the high mass ratio makes the protocol sensitive to mode crossings between axial and radial modes, as well as to uncontrolled radial electric fields that induce mass-dependent twists of the ion chain, which initially gave excitations n ¯ ≫ 10 . By controlling these stages, we achieve excitation as low as n ¯ = 1.40 ± 0.08 phonons for the calcium ion and n ¯ = 1.44 ± 0.09 phonons for the beryllium ion. Separation and transport of mixed-species chains are key elements of the quantum charge-coupled device architecture and may also be applicable to quantum-logic-based spectroscopy of exotic species. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l032059

Related papers

Fast transport of mixed-species ion chains within a Paul trap

Mikel Palmero, R. Bowler, John Gaebler +2 more

We investigate the dynamics of mixed-species ion crystals during transport between spatially distinct locations in a linear Paul trap in the diabatic regime. In a general mixed-species crystal, all degrees of freedom along the direction of transport are excited by an accelerating well, so unlike the case of same-species ions, where only the center-of-mass mode is excited, several degrees of freedom have to be simultaneously controlled by the transport protocol. We design protocols that lead to low final excitations in the diabatic regime using invariant-based inverse engineering for two different-species ions and also show how to extend this approach to longer mixed-species ion strings. Fast transport of mixed-species ion strings can significantly reduce the operation time in certain architectures for scalable quantum-information processing with trapped ions.

arXiv:1406.7455•Physical Review A•Nov 6, 2014•44 citations

Deterministic preparation of a dual-species two-ion crystal

Maximilian J. Zawierucha, Till Rehmert, Jonas Keller +3 more

The demand for efficient preparation methods for dual-species ion crystals is rapidly expanding across quantum technology and fundamental physics applications with trapped ions. We present a deterministic and efficient technique to produce such crystals, utilizing the segmented structure of a linear Paul trap. By precisely tailoring the trapping potentials, we can split, move, and discard parts of an ion chain. This process is automated in a sequence that converts a larger ion sample into the desired configuration. A critical component of our approach is the accurate identification of crystal constituents. This is achieved by matching the measured positions of fluorescing ions against theoretical expectations for larger crystals, thus facilitating the detection of nonfluorescing ions and enabling accurate ion counting. We demonstrate that our method reliably produces two-ion crystals within minutes. These results represent a significant advance in the production of two-species ion crystals with applications ranging from quantum logic spectroscopy and optical clocks to quantum computing and simulations with trapped ions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Physical Review A•Jul 8, 2024•3 citations

Enhancing nondestructive mass identification via Fourier-transform fluorescence analysis

Francisco Domínguez, David Yousaf, J. Berrocal +4 more

Single-ion mass identification is important for atomic and nuclear physics experiments on ions produced with low yields. Cooling the ion to ultralow temperatures through interaction with a laser-cooled ion will enhance the precision of the measurements. In this paper we present axial-common-mode frequency measurements of balanced and unbalanced Coulomb crystals from the Fourier transform of the fluorescence photons from a Doppler-cooling transition in calcium ions after probing the ion crystal with a five-radio-frequency comb. A single ion nondestructively detected can be used for identification, yielding a mass-resolving power m / Δ m FWHM ≈ 310 from the axial common mode. This identification can be performed from a single measurement within times below 1 s. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

arXiv:2409.17883•Physical Review Research•Dec 10, 2024•0 citations

Scalable quantum computing architecture with mixed species ion chains

John Wright, Carolyn Auchter, Chen-Kuan Chou +5 more

We describe our work on trapping, cooling and detecting mixed ion species for a scalable ion trap quantum information processing architecture. These mixed species chains in linear RF traps may help solve several problems with scaling ion trap quantum computation to large numbers of qubits. Initial temperature measurements of linear Coulomb crystals containing barium and ytterbium ions indicate that the mass difference does not significantly impede sympathetic cooling of normal modes that couple well to the coolant ions (Ba in our case). Average motional occupation numbers are estimated to be 10 to 20 quanta per mode for these well cooled modes for chains with small numbers of ions, consistent with the Doppler limit temperature. For normal modes that do not couple significantly to the coolant atoms, the occupation numbers are significantly higher, of order several thousand. Strategies for better cooling of these modes are discussed. Further, we are working to implement these techniques in microfabricated surface traps in order to exercise greater control over ion chain ordering and positioning.

arXiv:1410.0037•Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 21, 2015•1 citation

Cooling Trapped Ions with Phonon Rapid Adiabatic Passage

Maya Fabrikant, P. Lauria, Ivaylo S. Madjarov +2 more

In recent demonstrations of the quantum charge-coupled device computer architecture, circuit times are dominated by cooling. Some motional modes of multi-ion crystals take orders of magnitude longer to cool than others because of low coolant ion participation. Here we demonstrate a new technique, that solves this issue by coherently exchanging the thermal populations of selected modes on timescales short compared to direct cooling. Using this method, which we call “phonon rapid adiabatic passage,” we can achieve subquanta temperatures from initial states with occupations as high as n ¯ ∼ 200 quanta. Analogous to adiabatic rapid passage, we quasistatically couple these slow-cooling modes with fast-cooling modes using dc electric fields. When the crystal is then adiabatically ramped through the resultant avoided crossing, nearly complete phonon population exchange results. We demonstrate this on two-ion crystals, and show the indirect ground-state cooling of all radial modes—achieving an order of magnitude speedup compared to direct cooling. We also show the technique’s insensitivity to trap potential and control field fluctuations, and find that it still achieves subquanta temperatures starting as high as n ¯ ∼ 200 . Published by the American Physical Society 2024

arXiv:2403.02315•Physical Review X•Nov 18, 2024•2 citations

Indirect Cooling of Weakly Coupled Trapped-Ion Mechanical Oscillators

Pan‐Yu Hou, Jenny J. Wu, Stephen D. Erickson +6 more

Cooling the motion of trapped ions to near the quantum ground state is crucial for many applications in quantum information processing and quantum metrology. However, certain motional modes of trapped-ion crystals can be difficult to cool due to weak or zero interaction between the modes and the cooling radiation, typically laser beams. We overcome this challenge by coupling a mode that interacts weakly with cooling radiation to one that interacts strongly with cooling radiation using parametric modulation of the trapping potential, thereby enabling indirect cooling of the weakly interacting mode. In this way, we demonstrate near-ground-state cooling of motional modes with weak or zero cooling radiation interaction in multi-ion crystals of the same and mixed ion species, specifically Be + 9 − Be + 9 , Be + 9 − Mg + 25 , and Be + 9 − Mg + 25 − Be + 9 crystals. This approach can be generally applied to any Coulomb crystal where certain motional modes cannot be directly cooled efficiently, including crystals containing molecular ions, highly charged ions, charged fundamental particles, or charged macroscopic objects. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Physical Review X•Apr 2, 2024•10 citations
We demonstrate low-excitation transport and separation of two-ion crystals consisting of one Be + 9 and one Ca + 40 ion, with a high mass ratio of 4.4. The full separation involves transport of the mixed-species chain, splitting each ion into separate potential wells, and then transport of each ion prior to detection. We find the high mass ratio makes the protocol sensitive to mode crossings between axial and radial modes, as well as to uncontrolled radial electric fields that induce mass-dependent twists of the ion chain, which initially gave excitations n ¯ ≫ 10 . By controlling these stages, we achieve excitation as low as n ¯ = 1.40 ± 0.08 phonons for the calcium ion and n ¯ = 1.44 ± 0.09 phonons for the beryllium ion. Separation and transport of mixed-species chains are key elements of the quantum charge-coupled device architecture and may also be applicable to quantum-logic-based spectroscopy of exotic species. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We investigate the dynamics of mixed-species ion crystals during transport between spatially distinct locations in a linear Paul trap in the diabatic regime. In a general mixed-species crystal, all degrees of freedom along the direction of transport are excited by an accelerating well, so unlike the case of same-species ions, where only the center-of-mass mode is excited, several degrees of freedom have to be simultaneously controlled by the transport protocol. We design protocols that lead to low final excitations in the diabatic regime using invariant-based inverse engineering for two different-species ions and also show how to extend this approach to longer mixed-species ion strings. Fast transport of mixed-species ion strings can significantly reduce the operation time in certain architectures for scalable quantum-information processing with trapped ions.
The demand for efficient preparation methods for dual-species ion crystals is rapidly expanding across quantum technology and fundamental physics applications with trapped ions. We present a deterministic and efficient technique to produce such crystals, utilizing the segmented structure of a linear Paul trap. By precisely tailoring the trapping potentials, we can split, move, and discard parts of an ion chain. This process is automated in a sequence that converts a larger ion sample into the desired configuration. A critical component of our approach is the accurate identification of crystal constituents. This is achieved by matching the measured positions of fluorescing ions against theoretical expectations for larger crystals, thus facilitating the detection of nonfluorescing ions and enabling accurate ion counting. We demonstrate that our method reliably produces two-ion crystals within minutes. These results represent a significant advance in the production of two-species ion crystals with applications ranging from quantum logic spectroscopy and optical clocks to quantum computing and simulations with trapped ions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Single-ion mass identification is important for atomic and nuclear physics experiments on ions produced with low yields. Cooling the ion to ultralow temperatures through interaction with a laser-cooled ion will enhance the precision of the measurements. In this paper we present axial-common-mode frequency measurements of balanced and unbalanced Coulomb crystals from the Fourier transform of the fluorescence photons from a Doppler-cooling transition in calcium ions after probing the ion crystal with a five-radio-frequency comb. A single ion nondestructively detected can be used for identification, yielding a mass-resolving power m / Δ m FWHM ≈ 310 from the axial common mode. This identification can be performed from a single measurement within times below 1 s. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We describe our work on trapping, cooling and detecting mixed ion species for a scalable ion trap quantum information processing architecture. These mixed species chains in linear RF traps may help solve several problems with scaling ion trap quantum computation to large numbers of qubits. Initial temperature measurements of linear Coulomb crystals containing barium and ytterbium ions indicate that the mass difference does not significantly impede sympathetic cooling of normal modes that couple well to the coolant ions (Ba in our case). Average motional occupation numbers are estimated to be 10 to 20 quanta per mode for these well cooled modes for chains with small numbers of ions, consistent with the Doppler limit temperature. For normal modes that do not couple significantly to the coolant atoms, the occupation numbers are significantly higher, of order several thousand. Strategies for better cooling of these modes are discussed. Further, we are working to implement these techniques in microfabricated surface traps in order to exercise greater control over ion chain ordering and positioning.
In recent demonstrations of the quantum charge-coupled device computer architecture, circuit times are dominated by cooling. Some motional modes of multi-ion crystals take orders of magnitude longer to cool than others because of low coolant ion participation. Here we demonstrate a new technique, that solves this issue by coherently exchanging the thermal populations of selected modes on timescales short compared to direct cooling. Using this method, which we call “phonon rapid adiabatic passage,” we can achieve subquanta temperatures from initial states with occupations as high as n ¯ ∼ 200 quanta. Analogous to adiabatic rapid passage, we quasistatically couple these slow-cooling modes with fast-cooling modes using dc electric fields. When the crystal is then adiabatically ramped through the resultant avoided crossing, nearly complete phonon population exchange results. We demonstrate this on two-ion crystals, and show the indirect ground-state cooling of all radial modes—achieving an order of magnitude speedup compared to direct cooling. We also show the technique’s insensitivity to trap potential and control field fluctuations, and find that it still achieves subquanta temperatures starting as high as n ¯ ∼ 200 . Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Cooling the motion of trapped ions to near the quantum ground state is crucial for many applications in quantum information processing and quantum metrology. However, certain motional modes of trapped-ion crystals can be difficult to cool due to weak or zero interaction between the modes and the cooling radiation, typically laser beams. We overcome this challenge by coupling a mode that interacts weakly with cooling radiation to one that interacts strongly with cooling radiation using parametric modulation of the trapping potential, thereby enabling indirect cooling of the weakly interacting mode. In this way, we demonstrate near-ground-state cooling of motional modes with weak or zero cooling radiation interaction in multi-ion crystals of the same and mixed ion species, specifically Be + 9 − Be + 9 , Be + 9 − Mg + 25 , and Be + 9 − Mg + 25 − Be + 9 crystals. This approach can be generally applied to any Coulomb crystal where certain motional modes cannot be directly cooled efficiently, including crystals containing molecular ions, highly charged ions, charged fundamental particles, or charged macroscopic objects. Published by the American Physical Society 2024