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arXiv:2311.01778 · Physical Review A

Quantum scattering treatment on the time-domain diffraction of a matter-wave soliton

Peng Gao, Jie Liu

Published Jan 25, 2024• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the dynamics of the matter-wave soliton interacting with a vibrating mirror created by an evanescent light and provide a quantum scattering picture for the time-domain diffraction of the matter-wave soliton. Under Kramers-Henneberger (KH) transformation, i.e., in a vibrating coordinate, the vibration of the mirror can be cast to an effective gauge field. We then can exploit the Dyson series and the quantum scattering theory to investigate the dynamics of the soliton that moves in the effective gauge field and is reflected by a static mirror. Our analytical theory can quantitatively deduce the locations and the relative weights of the scattered wave packets, which is consistent with our numerical simulations of directly solving a nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. In particular, for a two-frequency vibrating case, our theory predicts some interesting multipeak sideband structures in the diffracted matter-wave distributions, which can be resorted to the resonance of two frequencies. Underlying mechanisms and possible applications are discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.109.013323

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We study the dynamics of the matter-wave soliton interacting with a vibrating mirror created by an evanescent light and provide a quantum scattering picture for the time-domain diffraction of the matter-wave soliton. Under Kramers-Henneberger (KH) transformation, i.e., in a vibrating coordinate, the vibration of the mirror can be cast to an effective gauge field. We then can exploit the Dyson series and the quantum scattering theory to investigate the dynamics of the soliton that moves in the effective gauge field and is reflected by a static mirror. Our analytical theory can quantitatively deduce the locations and the relative weights of the scattered wave packets, which is consistent with our numerical simulations of directly solving a nonlinear Schr"odinger equation. In particular, for a two-frequency vibrating case, our theory predicts some interesting multipeak sideband structures in the diffracted matter-wave distributions, which can be resorted to the resonance of two frequencies. Underlying mechanisms and possible applications are discussed.
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We numerically study the dynamics of a one-dimensional matter-wave soliton colliding with a vibrating atomic mirror. After colliding, the soliton splits into several wave packets with discrete momentum, and the kinetic energy of internal atoms is quantized. The reflected wave packets are originally diffusing but can form soliton states by quenching the nonlinear strength. The number and total kinetic energy of wave packets are obviously dependent on the vibrating amplitude and frequency of the mirror. We extend the physical system to an atomic mirror with double-frequency vibration, where the property of energy quantization also occurs and is related to the difference frequency. Our results may provide an effective way to prepare and manipulate matter-wave solitons, and are expected to contribute to the development of soliton interferometers.
The dynamics of a matter-wave soliton bouncing on the reflecting surface (atomic mirror) under the effect of gravity has been studied by analytical and numerical means. The analytical description is based on the variational approach. Resonant oscillations of the soliton's center of mass and width, induced by appropriate modulation of the atomic scattering length and the slope of the linear potential, are analyzed. In numerical experiments we observe the Fermi-type acceleration of the soliton when the vertical position of the reflecting surface is periodically varied in time. Analytical predictions are compared to the results of numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and qualitative agreement between them is found.
Scattering of a matter-wave single soliton and two-soliton molecule incident on the modified Pöschl-Teller potential well has been studied by means of a collective coordinate approach and numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Despite the attractive nature of the potential we observe total reflection of solitons in particular ranges of parameters, which is the signature of quantum behavior displayed by the matter-wave soliton. For other particular sets of parameters unscathed transmission of solitons and molecules through the potential well has been identified. A specific feature of this process is that the soliton passing through the potential well overtakes the freely propagating counterpart; i.e., its mean position appears to have been advanced in time. An array of such potentials makes the "time advance" effect even more pronounced, so that scattered solitons move well ahead of nonscattered ones, fully preserving their initial shape and velocity. A possible application of the obtained results is pointed out.
We consider, by analytical and numerical means, the dynamics of a matter-wave soliton bouncing on the reflecting surface (atomic mirror) under the influence of gravity, when twobody interactions between atoms are periodically modulated in time. The analytical description is based on the variational approach. The frequencies of small amplitude oscillations of the soliton's center-of-mass and width are obtained. Analytical predictions are compared to the results of numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and qualitative agreement between them is found.
Cesium atoms prepared in a state of well-defined total energy have been reflected from a vibrating mirror, causing the matter waves to be phase modulated. The mirror is an evanescent light wave whose intensity is modulated in time at a frequency $\ensuremath{\nu}$ in the range 0 to 2 MHz; the atoms are reflected at normal incidence. The resulting beam consists of a ``carrier'' plus various sidebands corresponding to de Broglie waves propagating at different velocities. The precision and flexibility of this technique make it a promising tool in atom optics.