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arXiv:2310.06026 · Nature Physics

Optical readout of a superconducting qubit using a piezo-optomechanical transducer

Thierry Christiaan van Thiel, Matthew J. Weaver, Federico Berto, Pim Duivestein, Mathilde Lemang, Kiki L. Schuurman, Martin Žemlička, F. Hijazi, Alexandra C. Bernasconi, C. Ferrer, Enrico Cataldo, Ella Lachman, Mark Field, Yuvraj Mohan, Fokko K. de Vries, Cornelis Christiaan Bultink, J. C. van Oven, J. Mutus, Robert Stockill, Simon Gröblacher

Published Feb 11, 2025• 40 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/s41567-024-02742-3

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Optical quantum networks provide a natural route for connecting distant superconducting quantum processors, enabling distributed quantum computation, sensing, and communication. Piezo-optomechanical transducers are among the leading candidates for scalable microwave-to-optical quantum interfaces. However, prior one-dimensional piezo-optomechanical transducers remain limited by optical-absorption-induced heating and the resulting thermal noise. Two-dimensional optomechanical crystals offer substantially improved thermalization from better thermal anchoring, but their structural complexity has so far hindered the realization of a fully integrated two-dimensional transducer. Here, we overcome this challenge with a new design strategy based on band structure engineering. We fabricate the devices and experimentally characterize the response, measuring an electromechanical damping rate of 4.6 kHz at room temperature and electromechanical coupling rate of 0.17 MHz by wire-bonding to a multi-mode microwave resonator at 10 mK. Bidirectional transduction is performed with a calibrated internal efficiency of 0.85\% in the continuous-wave operation, alongside pulsed photon-phonon pair generation near its quantum ground state. Our results represent a significant step toward high-efficiency and low-noise transducers for entangling remote superconducting qubits.