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arXiv:2308.07161

Nanoelectromechanical control of spin-photon interfaces in a hybrid quantum system on chip

Genevieve Clark, Hamza Raniwala, Matthew A. Koppa, Kevin C. Chen, Andrew Jay Leenheer, Matthew Zimmermann, Mark Dong, Linsen Li, Y. Henry Wen, Dominguez, Daniel, Matthew E. Trusheim, Gerald N. Gilbert, Matt Eichenfield, Dirk Englund

Published Aug 14, 2023• 1 citation

Abstract

Atom-like defects or color centers (CC's) in nanostructured diamond are a leading platform for optically linked quantum technologies, with recent advances including memory-enhanced quantum communication, multi-node quantum networks, and spin-mediated generation of photonic cluster states. Scaling to practically useful applications motivates architectures meeting the following criteria: C1 individual optical addressing of spin qubits; C2 frequency tuning of CC spin-dependent optical transitions; C3 coherent spin control in CC ground states; C4 active photon routing; C5 scalable manufacturability; and C6 low on-chip power dissipation for cryogenic operations. However, no architecture meeting C1-C6 has thus far been demonstrated. Here, we introduce a hybrid quantum system-on-chip (HQ-SoC) architecture that simultaneously achieves C1-C6. Key to this advance is the realization of piezoelectric strain control of diamond waveguide-coupled tin vacancy centers to meet C2 and C3, with ultra-low power dissipation necessary for C6. The DC response of our device allows emitter transition tuning by over 20 GHz, while the large frequency range (exceeding 2 GHz) enables low-power AC control. We show acoustic manipulation of integrated tin vacancy spins and estimate single-phonon coupling rates over 1 kHz in the resolved sideband regime. Combined with high-speed optical routing with negligible static hold power, this HQ-SoC platform opens the path to scalable single-qubit control with optically mediated entangling gates.

DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2308.07161

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Robust spin-photon interfaces in solids are essential components in quantum networking and sensing technologies.Ideally, these interfaces combine a long-lived spin memory, coherent optical transitions, fast and high-fidelity spin manipulation, and straightforward device integration and scaling.The tinvacancy center (SnV) in diamond is a promising spin-photon interface with desirable optical and spin properties at 1.7 K.However, the SnV spin lacks efficient microwave control, and its spin coherence degrades with higher temperature.In this work, we introduce a new platform that overcomes these challenges-SnV centers in uniformly strained thin diamond membranes.The controlled generation of crystal strain introduces orbital mixing that allows microwave control of the spin state with 99.36(9)% gate fidelity and spin coherence protection beyond a millisecond.Moreover, the presence of crystal strain suppresses temperature-dependent dephasing processes, leading to a considerable improvement of the coherence time up to 223ð10Þ μs at 4 K, a widely accessible temperature in common cryogenic systems.Critically, the coherence of optical transitions is unaffected by the elevated temperature, exhibiting nearly lifetime-limited optical linewidths.Combined with the compatibility of diamond membranes with device integration, the demonstrated platform is an ideal spin-photon interface for future quantum technologies.

Realization of physical systems for quantum information processing fundamentally rests on the ability to generate entanglement among many quantum bits. To this end, solid state quantum systems are often considered a scalable approach due to the relative ease of generating of a large number of individual qubits. However, realizing strong coherent interactions that dominate decoherence processes in the solid state environment is a formidable challenge that has continued to motivate the investigation of new physical systems to store quantum information and new mechanisms to achieve controllable interactions. This thesis takes steps in these directions with diamond color centers, which can store optically accessible quantum information in their electronic spin. We study color center spins as acoustic two level systems, and consider whether their interaction with single phonons in diamond can be engineered to be coherent. Through spectroscopy of color centers in diamond nanomechanical devices and follow-up theoretical work, we identify the negatively charged silicon vacancy (SiV) color center as a promising candidate for phonon-mediated quantum information processing. In the process, an electromechanical device platform capable of tuning the strain environment of color centers is developed. It is used to mitigate thermal decoherence of the SiV spin and demonstrate photon-mediated quantum interference between two SiV centers on a diamond chip, highlighting the utility of nanomechanical devices for photonic quantum networks. Finally, we present high quality factor, wavelength scale acoustic resonators in diamond using phononic crystals towards a coherent interface between SiV centers and single phonons.